Kacdoonka Leisler: Wasiir Fadeexad ah oo ka mid ah Bulshada Qaybsan 16891691

Shaxda tusmada

Xiisadihii ugu dambayntii keenay Kacaanka Maraykanku waxa ka mid ahaa fallaagada Leisler.

Leisler's Rebellion (1689-1691) waxay ahayd kacdoon siyaasadeed oo ka dhacay New York kaasoo ku bilaabmay burbur lama filaan ah oo ku yimid dawladdii boqortooyada wuxuuna ku dhamaaday maxkamadaynta iyo dilka Jacob Leisler, oo ahaa ganacsade iyo sarkaal ka tirsan maleeshiyada New York. iyo taliyihiisa Ingiriiska Jacob Milborne.

In kasta oo loola dhaqmo sidii fallaago, Leisler waxa uu si fudud ugu biiray qulqulka fallaagada ka bilaabmatay Yurub, halkaas oo waxa loogu yeedho Kacaankii Sharafta lahaa ee Ingriiska Noofambar – Disembar 1688 uu arkay King James II oo ay ka eryeen ciidan uu hoggaaminayo. waxaa qoray amiirkii reer Holland ee William ee Orange.

Amiirku isla markiiba wuxuu noqday Boqor William III (waxaa lagu caddeeyey qayb ahaan inuu guursaday gabadhii James, oo noqotay Boqorad Maryan). In kasta oo kacaanku si habsami leh uga dhacay England, waxay ka cadhaysiisay Scotland, dagaal sokeeye oo Ireland ah, iyo dagaal lala galo Faransiiska. Tani waxay ka weecisay Boqor William inuu kormeero waxa ka dhacaya Ameerika, halkaas oo gumaystuhu ay dhacdooyinka gacmahooda ku qaadeen. Bishii Abriil 1689 dadka reer Boston waxay afgembiyeen Edmund Andros, gudoomiyihii Dominion of New England - oo New York ay markaas kala maqnayd.

Bishii Juun, badhasaabka Andros ee Manhattan, Francis Nicholson, wuxuu u cararay Ingiriiska. Isbahaysi ballaadhan oo reer New York ah ayaa ku beddelay dawladdii xukunka lahayd ee kala diri lahayd Guddiga Ilaalinta Badbaadada iyowaa la kirayn karaa oo keliya, ee lama yeelan karo. Kuwa rabey waxay leeyihiin beer iyaga u gaar ah, Esopus wuxuu qabtay ballanqaad badan. Hindida Esopus ee maxaliga ah, imaatinka dadka degey 1652-53 waxay ahayd bilawga colaada iyo hanti ka qaadista taasoo ku sii riixday gudaha gudaha. . Ilaa 1661, maxkamada Beverwyck waxay awood u leedahay Esopus. Dhawr ka mid ah qoysaska muhiimka ah ee Kingston ee 1689 waxay ka soo jeedaan qabiilooyinka caanka ah ee Albany. Waxaa jiray Tobanka Broecks ee Wynkoops, iyo xitaa Schuyler. Philip Schuyler, oo ah wiilka yar ee qoyska Albany ee caanka ah, ayaa isna soo degay.[20] Jacob Staats, Albanian kale oo caan ah oo Nederland ah, ayaa dhul ku lahaa Kingston iyo meelo kale oo ka tirsan Degmada Ulster.[21] Xidhiidhka webigu wuu daciif ahaa. Muwaadinka hogaaminaya Kingston, Henry Beekman, wuxuu walaal ka yar ku lahaa Brooklyn. William de Meyer, oo ah hogaamiyaha kale ee Kingston, wuxuu ahaa wiilka ganacsade caan ah oo Manhattan ah Nicholas de Meyer. In yar, sida Roeloff Swartwout, ayaa si toos ah uga yimid Nederland

Markii Agaasimaha Guud Peter Stuyvesant uu Esopus siiyay maxkamad maxalli ah oo u beddelay tuulada Wiltwyck 1661, wuxuu sameeyay da'da yar ee Roeloff Swartwout schout (sheriff). ). Sannadka soo socda, Swartwout iyo tiro ka mid ah gumaystayaashii waxay dejiyeen degsiimo labaad oo in yar oo gudaha ah oo la yiraahdo New Village (Nieuw Dorp). Si wada jir ah ulawarshad alwaax ah oo ku taal afka Esopus Creek, oo loo yaqaan Saugerties, iyo dib-u-kicinta afka Rondout, Wiltwyck iyo Nieuw Dorp ayaa calaamadeeyay xadka joogitaanka Nederlandka ee gobolka waqtigii gumeysiga Ingiriiska ee 1664.[22] In kasta oo xidhiidhada Nederlaanku ay badnaayeen, haddana dhammaan gumaystayaashii Ulster ma ahayn asal ahaan asal ahaan Dutch. Thomas Chambers, degeyaashii ugu horreeyay uguna caansan, wuxuu ahaa Ingiriis. Dhowr, oo ay ku jiraan Wessel ten Broeck (asal ahaan ka yimid Munster, Westphalia), waxay ahaayeen Jarmal. Dhawr kale ayaa ahaa Walloon. Laakiin intooda badani waxay ahaayeen Dutch.[22]

La wareegidda Ingiriisku waxay ahayd isbeddel siyaasadeed oo qotodheer, laakiin waxay ku dartay wax yar oo keliya isku dhafka qowmiyadeed ee gobolka. Garrison Ingiriisi wuxuu joogay Wiltwyck ilaa Dagaalkii Labaad ee Anglo-Dutch (1665-67) uu dhammaaday. Askarta ayaa marar badan dagaal la galay dadka deegaanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii la kala diray 1668, dhowr, oo uu ku jiro kabtankooda Daniel Brodhod, ayaa sii joogay. Waxay bilaabeen tuulo saddexaad oo ka shishaysa Nieuw Dorp. Sannadkii 1669kii waxaa booqday barasaabkii Ingriiska Francis Lovelace, wuxuu magacaabay maxkamado cusub, wuxuuna u magacaabay degsiimooyinka: Wiltwyck wuxuu noqday Kingston; Nieuw Dorp wuxuu noqday Hurley; degitaanka ugu cusub wuxuu qaatay magaca Marbletown.[23] Dadaal lagu xoojinayo joogitaanka Ingiriisida awoodda leh ee gobolkan Nederlaanku ka taliyaan, Badhasaab Lovelace wuxuu siiyay dhulkii hoggaamiyihii hore ee Thomas Chambers ee u dhow Kingston xaaladda manor, oo la magacaabayFoxhall.[24]

Dib u qabsashadii Nederlaand ee kooban ee 1673-74 wax yar ayay saamayn ku yeelatay horumarka dejinta. Fidinta gudaha ayaa sii socotay iyadoo lagu soo noqday qaanuunkii Ingiriiska. 1676dii dadka deegaanka waxay bilaabeen inay u guuraan Mombaccus (oo loo bixiyay Rochester horraantii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad). Kadibna muhaajiriin cusub ayaa ka yimid Yurub. Walloons oo ka soo cararay dagaaladii Louis XIV waxay ku biireen Walloons oo in muddo ah ku sugnaa New York si ay u helaan New Paltz 1678. Kadib, markii cadaadiskii Protestantism ee Faransiiska ay sii kordheen jidka loo maro Ka noqoshada Sharciga Nantes 1685, ayaa yimid. qaar ka mid ah Huguenots.[25] Qiyaastii 1680kii Jacob Rutsen, oo ahaa hor-u-u-sameeyaha dhulka, ayaa Rosendael u furay dejinta. Sannadkii 1689kii dhawr beerood oo kala firidhsan ayaa kor u sii qaaday dooxooyinka Rondout iyo Wallkill.[26] Laakiin waxaa jiray shan tuulo oo keliya: Kingston, oo ay ku noolaayeen qiyaastii 725; Hurley, oo leh ilaa 125 qof; Marbletown, qiyaastii 150; Mombaccus, qiyaastii 250; iyo New Paltz, ilaa 100, wadar ahaan 1,400 qof sanadkii 1689. Tirada saxda ah ee ragga da'da ah ee maleeshiyada ah lama heli karo, laakiin waxaa jiri lahaa ilaa 300.[27]

dadweynaha degmada Ulster ee 1689. Marka hore, waxa ay isir ahaan ku dhex milmeen aqlabiyadda Nederlandka ku hadla. Degaan kasta waxay lahayd addoomo madow, kuwaas oo ka koobnaa 10 boqolkiiba dadweynaha sannadkii 1703. Kala duwanaanshiyaha qowmiyadeed ayaa bulsho kasta siiyey kirayste gaar ah. New Paltz wuxuu ahaa Faransiis ku hadlatuulada Walloon iyo Huguenots. Hurley wuxuu ahaa Dutch oo wax yar Walloon. Marbletown waxay ahayd inta badan Dutch oo leh xoogaa Ingiriis ah, gaar ahaan ka mid ah kuwa deegaanka. Mombaccus waxay ahayd Dutch. Kingston mid walba xoogaa ayuu lahaa laakiin wuxuu u badnaa Dutch. Joogitaanka Nederlaanku aad buu u xoog badnaa oo badhtamihii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, luqadda Nederlandka iyo diintu waxay barakici doonaan Ingiriisi iyo Faransiis labadaba. Horeba 1704kii Gudomiye Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, wuxuu xusay in Ulster ay ku sugnaayeen " askar badan oo Ingiriis ah, & amp; Ingiriisi kale" kuwaas oo "Dhulka [sic] ka soo baxay danahooda Dutch, kuwaas oo aan waligood u oggolaan in Ingiriisidu u sahlanaato halkaas, marka laga reebo qaar yar oo ku raacay mabaadi'dooda iyo caadooyinkooda [sic]." [28] Bartamihii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, Dutch wuxuu bedelay Faransiiska luqadda kaniisadda ee New Paltz.[29] Laakiin sannadkii 1689-kii habkan is-dhexgalka weli ma bilaaban.

Astaamda labaad ee caanka ah ee dadweynaha Ulster ayaa ah sida ay u cusub tahay. Kingston wuxuu ahaa wax yar soddon iyo shan jir, jiil buuxa ayuu ka yaraa New York, Albany, iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah magaalooyinka Long Island. Inta kale ee degsiimooyinka Ulster waxay ahaayeen kuwa da'yar, iyadoo qaar ka mid ah muhaajiriinta Yurub ay yimaadeen habeenkii Kacaanka Sharafta leh. Xusuusta Yurub, oo leh dhammaan khilaafaadkeeda diimeed iyo siyaasadeed, waxay ahaayeen kuwo cusub oo ku nool maskaxda dadka Ulster. In ka badan dadkaas waxay ahaayeen rag halkii ay dumar ahaayeen (raggadumarku way ka badnaayeen ilaa 4:3). Waxayna ahaayeen kuwo aad u da'yar, ugu yaraanna da'yar oo ku filan inay ka mid noqdaan maleeshiyada. Sannadkii 1703dii dhawr nin oo keliya (23 ka mid ah 383) ayaa ka weyn lixdan jir. 1689kii waxay ahaayeen faro-ku-tiris keliya. Tusaale ahaan, isbarbardhigga liisaska ragga uu siiyay komishanka miliishiyooyinka ee uu bixiyay gudoomiyihii Thomas Dongan 1685 iyo kuwii uu u xilsaaray Leisler ee 1689 waxay siinaysaa dareenka kuwii kacaanka la midoobay. Waxaa jira is-daba-marin la taaban karo (dadka deegaanka ayaa ahaa, ka dib oo dhan, intii xaddidnayd). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray dhowr isbeddel oo yaryar iyo hal farqi weyn. Dongan wuxuu magacaabay isku dhafka Ingiriisi caan ah oo gudaha ah, Dutch, iyo Walloon.[31] Qaar badan ayaa la xaqiijiyay in ay daacad u yihiin dawladda James, sida Ingiriisi oo amar ku bixiyay shirkadda ragga ee Hurley, Marbletown, iyo Mombaccus, kuwaas oo dhammaantood ka soo jeeda xooggii qabsashadii 1660-kii. Dawladdii Leislerian waxay ku bedeshay niman Nederlaan ah.[32] Liistada ballamaha maxkamadda Leislerian (ku dhawaad dhammaan Nederlandka) ayaa soo koobaya sawirka ragga doonaya oo awood u leh inay la shaqeeyaan dawladda Leisler - Dutch iyo Wallloon, kuwaas oo qaarkood ay ahaayeen garsoorayaal kacaanka ka hor.[33]

0>Marka la baadho kuwan iyo dhawr kale oo caddayn ah, waxaa soo baxaya qaab cad. Ulster's Anti-Leislerians waa la kala soocaylaba arrimood: awooddooda siyaasadda maxalliga ah ee James iyo xidhiidhka ay la leeyihiin akhyaarta Albany.[34] Waxay isugu jireen Dutch iyo Ingiriis oo ka kala yimid gobolka oo dhan. Anti-Leislerian-ka Dutch-ka waxay u janjeersadeen inay degan yihiin Kingston halka Ingiriisi ay ka yimaadeen askartii hore ee garrison-ka ee degeen Marbletown. Henry Beekman, oo ah ninka ugu caansan Degmada Ulster, wuxuu kaloo ahaa Anti-Leislerian-ka ugu caansan. Taas, wuxuu ka soo horjeeday walaalkiis ka yar Gerardus, oo ku noolaa Brooklyn oo si xooggan u taageeray Leisler. Aqoonsiga ka-hortagga Leisler ee Henry Beekman ayaa si cad u muuqday ka dib fallaagada Leisler, markii isaga iyo Philip Schuyler ay bilaabeen inay u adeegaan sida garsoorayaasha Kingston ee nabadda ka dib dilkii Leisler. Laga soo bilaabo 1691 ilaa labaatan sano, Beekman waxaa ku biiray Thomas Garton, oo Ingiriis ah oo ka yimid Marbletown, oo ah wakiilada Ulster ee Anti-Leislerian ee Golaha New York. beeralayda Hurley, Marbletown, iyo New Paltz. Laakiin qaar ayaa sidoo kale ku noolaa Kingston. Leislerian-ka caanka ah waxay u janjeersadeen inay noqdaan rag sida Roeloff Swartwout, kuwaas oo aan haysan awood badan tan iyo qabsashadii Ingiriiska. Sidoo kale waxaa si firfircoon loogu maalgaliyay ballaarinta xudduudaha beeraha ee gudaha gudaha, sida khabiirka dhulka Jacob Rutsen. Kaliya Marbletown waxay u muuqataa in la kala qaybiyay, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay joogitaanka askartii hore ee Ingiriisiga. Hurley waxay ahaydsi adag, haddaysan ahayn gebi ahaan, pro-Leisler. Fikradaha Mombaccus waa kuwo aan sharci ahayn, laakiin xiriirkeedu wuxuu ahaa Hurley in ka badan meelo kale. Si la mid ah New Paltz, oo qaar ka mid ah degeyaashooda ay deggenaayeen Hurley ka hor intaan la dhisin New Paltz. Kala qaybsanaan la'aanta New Paltz waxay u muuqataa inay xaqiijisay hoggaanka joogtada ah ka hor iyo ka dib 1689 ee Abraham Hasbrouck, mid ka mid ah shatiyada asalka ah. Hurley's Roeloff Swartwout ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ahaa Leislerian-ka ugu firfircoon gobolka. Dowladda Leisler waxay ka dhigtay inuu noqdo Garsooraha Nabadda iyo Ulster ee ururiyaha cashuuraha. Wuxuu ahaa kan loo doortay inuu ku dhaarto daacadnimada Ulster garsoorayaasha kale ee nabadda. Wuxuu gacan ka geystay abaabulka saadka ciidamada Albany wuxuuna booqday New York ganacsigii dawladda bishii Diseembar 1690. Isaga iyo wiilkiisa Anthony waxay ahaayeen ragga kaliya ee Ulster lagu xukumay taageeradooda Leisler.[36]

Xiriirka qoyska. waxay hoosta ka xariiqaan muhiimadda ay ehelnimadu u leedahay samaynta xulafada siyaasadeed ee beelahaas. Roeloff iyo wiilkiisa Anthony ayaa lagu xukumay khiyaamo qaran. Roeloff wiilkiisa ugu weyn, Thomas, wuxuu saxiixay Diseembar 1689 Leislerian dhaartii daacadnimada ee Hurley.[37] Willem de la Montagne, oo u adeegay sidii Sheriff Ulster ee hoos yimaada Leisler, wuxuu guursaday qoyska Roeloff 1673.[38] Johannes Hardenbergh, oo la soo shaqeeyay Swartwout ee guddiga badbaadada, ayaa guursaday Catherine Rutsen, gabadhii Yacquub.Rutsen.[39]

Qowmiyadnimadu waxay ahayd arrin, in kasta oo ay ka duwan tahay meelaha kale ee gumeysiga. Tani ma ahayn isku dhac Anglo-Dutch. Holland ayaa u gacan sarreeyey xisbiyada labada dhinac. Ingiriisigu waa laga heli karaa labada dhinacba laakiin kuma jirin tirooyin ku filan oo farqi weyn ah. Faracii ciidanka ayaa taageeray Albany. Sarkaalkii hore ee Thomas Garton (oo hadda guursaday naagtii uu ka dhintay Captain Brodhed) wuxuu ku biiray Robert Livingston himiladiisii quusta ahayd ee March 1690 si uu u helo Connecticut iyo Massachusetts si uu uga caawiyo Albany ka ilaalinta Faransiiska iyo Jacob Leisler.[40] Hormoodka da'da ah ee Chambers, dhanka kale, waxa ay la wareegeen hoggaanka maleeshiyada ee Leisler.[41] Kaliya kuwa ku hadla Faransiiska ayaa u muuqda inaysan dhexdooda kala qaybin. In kasta oo ay ku sii jireen geesaha dhacdooyinka, waxay si cad u taageereen Leisler nin. Ulster Walloon ama Huguenot lagama heli karo isaga oo ka soo horjeeda, qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa hormuudka ah. De la Montagne, oo ah taageere caan ah oo ku sugan Kingston, wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Walloon.[42] Sannadihii ka dambeeyay 1692, New Paltz's Abraham Hasbrouck wuxuu ku biiri doonaa Dutch Jacob Rutsen oo ah wakiillada gobolka Leislerian ee golaha. Walloons iyo Huguenots labaduba waxay lahaayeen sababo ay ku kalsoonaadaan oo ay ugu bogaan Leisler oo ku laabanaya maalmahoodii Yurub, halkaas oo qoyska Leisler ay door weyn ku lahaayeenbeesha caalamka ee ku hadasha afka Faransiiska ee Protestanka. Walloon waxay qaxooti ku ahaayeen Holland ilaa dabayaaqadii qarnigii lix iyo tobnaad markii ciidamada Isbaanishka ay koonfurta Nederlaan u xaqiijiyeen boqorkii Isbaanishka iyo Roman Catholicism. Walloon-kaas waxa ka soo baxay qaar (sida De la Montagne) kuwaas oo u socday New Netherland ka hor qabsashadii Ingiriiska. Badhtamihii qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad ciidamada Faransiisku waxay qabsadeen qaybo ka mid ah dhulkaas Isbaanishka, iyagoo wata Walloon badan oo Holland ah halka qaar kalena ay u jiheeyeen bari ilaa Palatinate ee hadda Jarmalka. Ka dib markii Faransiisku weeraray Palatinate ( die Pfalz ee Jarmal, de Palts ee Dutch) 1670-meeyadii, qaar badan oo ka mid ah waxay u socdeen New York. New Paltz waxaa loo magacaabay xusuusta waayo-aragnimadaas. Huguenots oo laga saaray Faransiiska cadaadiskii 1680-meeyadii waxay xoojiyeen macnaha magaca dagaalka iyo magangalka Katooliga Faransiiska. Leisler waxa uu ku dhashay Palatinate. Sidaa darteed waxaa marar badan loogu yeeraa "Jarmal." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, asalkiisu waxa uu si aad ah ugu xidhnaa beesha caalamka ee ku hadasha afka Faransiiska ee Protestanka marka loo eego bulshada Jarmalka. Leisler hooyadeed waxay ka dhalatay fiqi Huguenot oo la xuso, Simon Goulart. Aabihii iyo awoowgiis waxay wax ku barteen Switzerland, halkaas oo ay ku barteen shakhsiyaadka Huguenot iyo waxay aaminsan yihiin. Sannadkii 1635kii ayaa Protestant-ka ku hadla afka Faransiiskabulshada Frankenthal, ee Palatinate, ayaa u yeedhay Leisler aabihiis inuu noqdo wasiirkooda. Markii askarta Isbaanishka ay ka eryeen laba sano ka dib, wuxuu u adeegay bulshada Faransiiska ku hadasha ee Frankfurt. Waalidkiis waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen taageeridda qaxootiga Huguenot iyo Walloon ee Yurub oo dhan. Leisler waxay sii waday dadaalkan Ameerika iyada oo la aasaasay New Rochelle ee qaxootiga Huguenot ee New York. Xiriirkooda Leisler iyo qadiyadda Protestant-ka caalamiga ah ayaa ahaa mid xooggan. Waxay yaqaaneen cadaadis iyo qabsasho by Catholics qarniyo badan, oo sidaas daraaddeed waxay fahmeen cabsida Leisler ee shirqoolka. Ku noolaanshaha ugu horrayn ee New Paltz iyo degsiimooyinka deriska ah, waxay hormuud ka ahaayeen hor-u-yaal ballaarinta dhul-beereedka degmada weligeed gudaha gudaha. Waxay xiriir aad u yar la lahaayeen Albany ama New York's elite. Faransiis, ma aha Nederland ama Ingiriisi, ayaa ahaa luqaddooda ugu weyn ee isgaarsiinta. New Paltz waxay ahayd bulsho ku hadasha afka Francophone-ka muddo tobanaan sano ah ka hor intaysan Dutch-ka ku hareeraysan qabsan. Markaa waxay ahaayeen wax dad ah oo kala fog, gudaha Ulster County iyo New York labadaba. Qaybta Walloon waxa kale oo ay ka muuqatay dhinaca ugu gaarka ah ee Ulster khibradiisa kacdoonkii Leisler 1689-91.Nabad. Guddigu waxay magacaabeen Jacob Leisler kabtanka qalcadda ee jasiiradda Manhattan dhamaadkii bishii Juun iyo taliyaha guud ee gumeysiga bishii Agoosto. (ama fallaagada) ayaa ah mid aan laga sooci karin magaciisa ku dhawaad ilaa markii ay bilaabatay.[2] Taageerayaasha kacaanka iyo kuwa ka soo horjeeda waxaa weli loo tixraacaa Leislerian iyo Anti-Leislerian. Iyaga laftoodu waxay adeegsadeen ereyada Williamites, taageerayaasha King William, iyo Yacquub, taageerayaasha King James.

Siyaasaddan ayaa ka dhacday New York sababtoo ah, si ka duwan gumeysigii New England, New York ma lahayn axdi hore u jiray oo lagu saleeyo sharcinimada dawladdeeda kacaanka. Maamulka had iyo jeer waxaa lahaan jiray James, marka hore Duke of York, ka dibna sida King.

James wuxuu New York ku daray Dominion of New England. James ama xukunka la'aanteed, ma jirto dawlad ku taal New York oo lahayd sharci dastuuri oo cad. Sidaa awgeed, Albany markii hore ma aqoonsan awoodda dawladda cusub. Dagaal lala galo Faransiiska, oo gumeysigiisa Kanadiyaanka ah uu si qarsoodi ah uga sarreeyay xudduudaha waqooyiga, wuxuu ku daray caqabad dheeraad ah dawladda Leisler. shirqool lagu doonayay in New York la hoos geeyo taliye Katoolik ah, ha ahaato James II ee xilka laga tuuray ama xulafadiisa Louis XIV.Caddaynta waxay ku jirtaa New-York Historical Society, halkaas oo qoraal-gacmeedyo badan oo Nederlaan ah ay bixinayaan xisaab xiiso leh oo ku saabsan sheeko qallafsan oo ku lug leh dumarka, khamriga, iyo hab-dhaqanka qayaxan. Waxay ku taal Walloon, Laurentius van den Bosch. Sannadkii 1689-kii Van den Bosch ma ahayn mid kale oo aan ahayn wasiirkii kaniisadda Kingston.[46] In kasta oo ay taariikhyahannadu wax ka ogaayeen kiiska, si dhow uma eegin. Waxay ku lug leedahay nin ka mid ah kaniisadda oo si xun u dhaqmaya oo u muuqda inuusan lahayn wax ka sii ballaadhan oo aan ahayn inuu muujiyo isaga inuu yahay dabeecad aan fiicnayn oo aan si cad ugu habboonayn xafiiskiisa.[47] Laakiin arrinta cajiibka ah ayaa ah in tiro dad ah ay sii wadeen taageeradiisa xitaa ka dib markii uu isku dhacay kaniisadda Kingston. Sida meelo kale oo New York ah, colaadaha ay kiciyeen ficillada Leisler waxay isu muujiyeen halganka kaniisadda dhexdeeda ah. Laakiin halkii uu la safan lahaa hal ama koox kale, Van den Bosch waxa uu abuuray fadeexad aad u fool xun oo ay u muuqato in ay jahawareerisay colaadda u dhaxaysa Leislerians iyo Anti-Leislerian-ka, sidaas awgeedna uu wax yar ka qariyay burburkii maxaliga ahaa ee kacaanka.

Laurentius van den Bosch waa qof dahsoon laakiin aan ku yareyn taariikhda kaniisadda Mareykanka ee gumeysiga. Waxa uu runtii door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray horumarinta Kaniisadda Huguenot ee Ameerika, isaga oo hormuud ka ahaa kaniisadaha Huguenot ee laba deegaan (Carolina iyo Massachusetts) oo ku sii jirayasaddexaad (New York). Walloon oo ka yimid Holland, wuxuu ku dhaawacmay Gobolka Ulster si shil ah - oo ka soo jeeda fadeexado kale oo taxane ah oo ka jira deegaanada kale. Dhiirigelinta u dhaqaaqistiisii hore ee Ameerika ma cadda. Waxa hubaal ah in uu aaday Carolina 1682 ka dib markii lagu magacaabay kaniisadda England ee hoggaamiyaha kiniisadda London. Wuxuu u shaqeeyay sidii wasiirkii ugu horreeyay ee kaniisadda Huguenot cusub ee Charleston. Wax yar baa laga og yahay waqtigii uu halkaas joogay, in kasta oo aanu si fiican ula qabsan shirkiisa. 1685 wuxuu u baxay Boston, halkaas oo uu ka dhisay kaniisad Huguenot ee ugu horeysay ee magaaladaas. Haddana wakhti badan ma sii waarin. Muddo bilo gudahood ah waxa uu dhibaato kala kulmay maamulka Boston sababo la xidhiidha guur aan sharci ahayn oo uu sameeyay. Dayrtii 1686 wuxuu u qaxay New York si uu uga fogaado in dacwad lagu soo oogo.[48]

Van den Bosch ma ahayn wasiirkii ugu horeeyay ee faransiis ah oo Protestant ka ah New York. Wuxuu ahaa kii labaad. Pierre Daillé, oo ah kii ka horreeyay ee Huguenot, ayaa yimid afar sano ka hor. Daillé waxoogaa madmadow ayuu ka qabay shirkadda cusub. Dib-u-habeyn wanaagsan oo Protestant ah oo mar dambe u soo bixi doona inuu yahay taageere Leisler, Daillé wuxuu ka baqay Anglican-ku-qoray iyo fadeexado Van den Bosch ayaa laga yaabaa inuu Huguenots u bixiyo magac xun. Waxa uu u qoray Increase Mather ee Boston isagoo rajaynaya in "cadhada uu ku kacay Mr. Van den Bosch laga yaabo inaanay hoos u dhigin nicmadaada Faransiiska ee hadda jooga magaaladaada."[49] Isla mar ahaantaana, waxay samaysay Daillé'ska shaqeyso New York xoogaa fudud. Sannadihii 1680-aadkii waxa jiray bulshooyin ku hadla afka Faransiiska ee Protestant-ka ee New York, Staten Island, Ulster, iyo Degmooyinka Westchester. Daillé wuxuu waqtigiisa u kala qaybiyay kaniisadda Faransiiska ee New York, taas oo dadka Westchester iyo Staten Island ay ahayd inay u safraan adeegyo, iyo kan New Paltz.[50] Van den Bosch wuxuu isla markiiba bilaabay inuu u adeego bulshada Protestant ee Faransiiska ee Jaziiradda Staten.[51] Laakiin ma uu joogin wax ka badan dhawr bilood.

Gugii 1687, Van den Bosch waxa uu wacdiyi jiray Kaniisadda Dib-u-habaynta Dutch ee Degmada Ulster. Waxay u muuqataa in laga yaabo inuu mar kale ka cararayo fadeexad. Qiyaastii bishii Maarso 1688-kii ayaa “Gabadh addoon ah oo Faransiis ah” oo ka timid Jasiiradda Staten ayaa timid Albany, sida uu soddogiis Wessel Wessels toban Broeck u sheegay, “waxay kugu rinjiyaysaa madow, sababtuna waa noloshii sharka lahayd ee hore ee Staten Island.”[52] ] Wessel wuxuu si gaar ah uga niyad jabay Van den Bosch, waayo wuxuu isku duubay wasiirka, iyo inta kale ee bulshada sare ee Kingston. Henry Beekman ayaa ka raacay gurigiisa.[53] Wessel waxa uu baray qoyska walaalkii, xaakimkii Albany iyo ganacsade dhogorta Dirck Wessels ten Broeck. Intii lagu guda jiray booqashooyinka iyo is-dhexgalka ka dhexeeya Albany iyo Kingston, Van den Bosch wuxuu la kulmay gabadha yar ee Dirck Cornelia. Oktoobar 16, 1687, wuxuu ku guursaday Kaniisadda Dib-u-habaynta Nederland ee Albany.[54] Si loo fahmo sababta dadka KingstonAad bay u xiisaynayeen inay aqbalaan dabeecaddan hooska (oo aan asal ahaan Nederland dib-u-habayn) ku dhex jirin, waa lagama maarmaan in dib loogu noqdo taariikhda kaniisadda ee gobolka.

> Dhibaatooyinka Kaniisadda 5>
Diinta deegaanka curdunka ah ayaa si fiican u bilaabmay. Wasiirkii ugu horreeyay, Hermanus Blom, wuxuu yimid 1660, sida Wiltwyck uu u soo galay naftiisa. Laakiin shan sano gudahood, laba dagaal oo Hindiya ah oo lagu hoobtay iyo qabsashadii Ingiriiska ayaa bulshada ka dhigay fakhri iyo calool xumo. Dhaqaale ahaan, Blom wuxuu ku laabtay Nederland 1667. Waxay noqon doontaa kow iyo toban sano ka hor inta uusan wasiir kale imaan.[55] Intii lagu jiray sannadihii dheeraa ee wasiir la'aanta, kaniisadda Kingston waxay ahayd inay sameyso booqasho marmar ah oo ka timid mid ka mid ah wasiirradii Isbeddelka ee Nederland ee gumeysiga, badanaa Gideon Schaats ee Albany, si ay u wacdiyaan, u baabtiiyaan, iyo guursadaan.[56] Inta ay halkaa marayso, waxa ay ku mashxaradeen adeeggii akhriste caadifad ah oo akhriya khudbadihii hore loo ansixiyey ee buug daabacan-ma ahayn xaalad ku habboon kuwa u hanqal taagaya xamaasadda iyo dhisidda ee ka iman karta wasiir dhab ah oo wax qori kara oo soo gudbin kara shaqadiisa. wacdiyo u gaar ah. Sida ka kooban Kingston's ka dib xusay, "dadku waxay jeclaan lahaayeen inay dhagaystaan wacdiga wacdinta intii ay akhrin lahaayeen mid ka mid ah." . Laurentius van Gaasbeeck wuxuu yimid Oktoobar 1678 wuuna dhintaysanad ka dib.[58] Carmalka Van Gaasbeeck waxay awooday inay codsi u dirto Amsterdam Classis si ay u soo dirto dumaasheeda, Johannis Weeksteen, oo ah musharaxa xiga, sidaas darteed waxay u tusinaysaa bulshada kharashka iyo dhibka raadinta kale ee transatlantic. Weeksteen wuxuu yimid dayrtii 1681 wuxuuna socday shan sano, isagoo dhimanaya jiilaalkii 1687.[59] Wasiirada hogaaminaya New York waxay ogaayeen in Kingston ay ku adkaan doonto helida bedelka. Sida ay u qoreen, "ma jiro kaniisad ama guri dugsi aad u yar oo Nederlaan oo dhan ah halkaas oo ninku ka helo wax yar inta ay ka helaan Kinstown." Waa inay “kor u qaadaan mushaharka ilaa kan Albany cusub ama Schenectade; ama haddii kale u samee sida kuwa Bergen [East Jersey] ama New[ew] Haerlem, si aad ugu qanacdo Voorlese [akhriste]" iyo booqashada marmar ee wasiir meel kale ka yimid. wuxuu ahaa Van den Bosch, oo nasiibku u kaxeeyay New York isla markii uu Weeksteen dhimanayay. Wasiirada dib u habaynta ee New York ee hormuudka ka ah, Henricus Selijns iyo Rudolphus Varick, way caawin kari waayeen inay arkaan fursadan isku beeg ah. Waxay si degdeg ah ugu taliyeen Kingston iyo Van den Bosch midba midka kale. Sida ka kooban Kingston markii dambe ka cawday, waxay ahayd "talooyinkooda, oggolaanshaha iyo jihayntooda" in Van den Bosch uu noqday wasiirkooda. Si fiican ugu hadla Faransiiska, Nederlandka, iyo Ingiriisiga, yaqaana kaniisadaha Protestant ee Nederland, England, iyo Ameerika,Van den Bosch waa inuu u ekaa musharax ku habboon bulshada isku dhafan ee Ulster. Dadkuna mararka qaarkood si wanaagsan ayay uga hadli jireen.[61] Yaa ogaan kara inuu si xun u dhaqmi doono? Bishii Juun 1687, Laurentius van den Bosch wuxuu "u-diiwaangeliyay qaababka" Kaniisadda Dib-u-habaynta Nederland wuxuuna noqday wasiirkii afaraad ee Kingston. : Kaniisadda Dib-u-habaynta Nederland ee Kingston, taas oo u adeegi jirtay dadka Hurley, Marbletown, iyo Mombaccus; iyo kaniisadda Walloon ee New Paltz.[63] Kaniisadda cusub ee Paltz waxaa lagu soo ururiyay 1683 Pierre Daillé, laakiin New Paltz ma helin wasiir degan ilaa qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad.[64] Isku soo wada duuboo, inta badan labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ma jirin wasiir ku nool meel kasta oo ka tirsan gobolka. Dadka deegaanka waxa ay ahayd in ay ku tiirsanaadaan booqashada wasiir ee marmar ee baabtiiska, aroosyada, iyo wacdiga. Waa inay ku faraxsan yihiin inay mar labaad helaan wasiir iyaga u gaar ah. Dhibaatadu waxay bilaabantay wax yar ka hor arooskiisa, markii Van den Bosch uu sakhraamay oo qabsaday naag maxalli ah oo si aad ah loo yaqaan. Halkii uu naftiisa ka shakin lahaa, wuxuu aamini waayay xaaskiisa. Bilo gudahood ayuu bilaabay inuu si cad uga shakiyo daacadnimadeeda. Kaniisadda ka dib maalin Axad ah bishii Maarso 1688, Van den Bosch wuxuu u sheegay adeerkeed Wessel, "Aad baan ugu qanacsanahay dhaqankaee Arent van Dyk iyo xaaskayga." Wessel ayaa ku jawaabay, "Ma waxaad u malaynaysaa inay si wada jir ah u dhaqmayaan si aan wanaagsanayn?" Wuxuu ku jawaabay Van den Bosch, "Anigu in badan kuma kalsoona." Wessel ayaa si sharaf leh ugu jawaabay, "Kama shakiyo naagtaada inay tahay mid aan daahir ahayn, sababtoo ah midna kuma lihin jinsiyadayada [ie. qoyska Toban Broeck]. Laakiin hadday sidaas ahaato, waxaan jeclaan lahaa in dhagaxshiid luqunta looga xidho oo ay sidaas u dhimato. Laakiin, wuu sii socday, "Waxaan rumaysanahay in aadan adigu wanaagsanayn, sidaan u maqlay Yacquub Lysnaar [i.e. Leisler] ayaa caddeeyey." Leisler waxa ay xidhiidho ganacsi la lahayd kor iyo hoosba xeebta iyo sidoo kale xidhiidh gaar ah oo ay la lahayd bulshada Protestant-ka ee Faransiiska. Waxa uu ku sugnaa meel gaar ah oo mudnaan leh inuu maqlo sheeko kasta oo ku saabsan Van den Bosch, oo ay ku jiri karto kuwa markaas lagu faafiyay Albany "gabadha addoonta ah ee Faransiiska" ee ka timid Staten Island.[65]

Marka laga reebo isaga dhaqamada aan caadiga ahayn, Van den Bosch waxa uu lahaa dareen qalafsan wasiirka dib u habaynta. Mar qaar ka mid ah gu'gii ama xagaagii 1688 Philip Schuyler wuxuu aaday inuu "ilmihiisa dhowaan dhashay galo diiwaanka baabtiiska kaniisadda." Sida laga soo xigtay Schuyler, Van den Bosch ayaa ku jawaabay, "in uu u yimid isaga sababtoo ah wuxuu u baahan yahay cadarkiisa." Malaha waxay ahayd kaftan. Malaha waxay ahayd isfaham la'aan. Schuyler wuu murugooday.[66] Dirk Schepmoes waxa uu ka sheekeeyay sida uu Van den Bosch u sheegay dayrtii 1688kii ee ku saabsanaa Roomaankii hore sanadkii hal mar garaaci jireen dumarkoodafiidkii ka hor maalintii ay qirteen, maxaa yeelay, markaas, iyagoo nimanka ku canaananaya wax kasta oo ay sameeyeen sannadda oo dhan, aad bay ugu fiicnaan lahaayeen inay qirtaan. Maadaama Van den Bosch uu "la murmay" xaaskiisa maalin ka hor, wuxuu sheegay inuu "hadda ku habboon yahay inuu qirto." Daawaynta Van den Bosch ee Cornelia. Mid kale oo deris ah, Jan Fokke, ayaa xusuustay Van den Bosch oo booqasho ku tagay oo yidhi "in ay jireen laba nooc oo Jesuit ah, oo ah nooc aan guursan; oo mid kalena naago buu guursaday; ka dibna Dom wuxuu yidhi: Ilaahayow, taasi waa nooca guurka ee aan ku raacsanahay."[68] Faallooyinkan ku saabsan boomaatada sixirka, qirashada ( karaamada Katooliga), iyo Jesuits waxba ma aysan samaynin si ay u jeclaadaan Van den Bosch deriskiisa Dib-u-habaynta Protestant. . Dominie Varick wuxuu mar dambe qori lahaa in xubin ka tirsan kaniisadda Kingston "uu ii sheegay dhowr tibaaxood oo wadaadkaaga ah (isagoo leh wuxuu ku xaqiijin doonaa badbaadadiisa) taas oo ku haboon afka qof ku jeesjeesa diinta halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa wadaad. "[69]

Dhiirtii 1688, Van den Bosch si joogto ah ayuu wax u cabbi jiray, dumarka ayuu eryanayay (oo ay ku jirto inantiisii addoonta ahayd, Elizabeth Vernooy, iyo saaxiibkeed Sara ten Broeck, gabadhii Wessel) oo si ba'an ula dagaallami jiray xaaskiisa. [70] Meeshii loo rogay ayaa soo gashayOktoobar markii uu bilaabay inuu ku mergado Cornelia hal fiid ka dib markii uu u dabaaldegay Cashada Rabbiga. Tani waxay ugu dambeyntii u rogtay Kingston's akhlaaqda isaga ka soo horjeeda. Odayaasha (Jan Willemsz, Gerrt bbbbrts, iyo Dirck Schepmoes) iyo Deacons Willem (William) De Meyer iyo Johannes Wynkoop) waxay Van den Bosch ka joojiyeen wacdinta (inkasta oo uu sii waday inuu baabtiiso oo uu sameeyo guurka ilaa Abriil 1689).[71] Bishii Disembar waxay bilaabeen inay furaan marag isaga ka dhan ah. Sida muuqata waxa la go’aamiyay in wasiirka la horgeeyo maxkamad. Marqaati dheeraad ah ayaa la ururiyay bishii Abriil 1689. Tani waxay ahayd dadaal ay mustaqbalka Leislerians (Abraham Hasbrouck, Jacob Rutsen) iyo Anti-Leislerians (Wessel ten Broeck, William De Meyer) ay iska kaashadeen. York, Henricus Selijns, oo dalbanaya in wax la qabto. Dabadeedna waxaa soo dhexgalay Kacaankii sharafta lahaa.

Warkii kacaanka oo xaqiiqo ah ayaa markii ugu horreysay soo gaaray Ulster bilowgii bishii May. 30-kii Abriil, golaha New York, oo ka jawaabaya afgembigii dawladdii ka talinaysay Boston, waxay warqad u direen Albany iyo Ulster iyaga oo kula talinaya inay dadka ku ilaaliyaan nabadda & si ay u arkaan maleeshiyaadkooda oo si wanaagsan loo leyliyay & qalabeeyay."[72] Ilaa wakhtigan wakiilada Kingston waxay meesha ka saareen cadeyn kasta oo daacad ah oo loo hayo madax-banaani kasta. James iyo William midna uma eka inay masuul ka yihiin. Warar iyo warar xan ah oo ku saabsan qalalaasaha sii kordhaya ee gudaha iyo hareerahaMagaalada New York waxay la jaanqaadaysa taraafikada joogtada ah ee webiga, xitaa iyadoo sheekooyinka ficillada Van den Bosch ay faafeen. Johannes Wynkoop wuxuu u safray dhanka hoose wuxuuna "madoobaadey oo igu caayay New York iyo Long Island," Van den Bosch ayaa ka cawday. Halkii maxkamad la tagi lahaa - rajo aan la hubin marka la eego xaaladda siyaasadeed ee gariirtay - waxaa hadda la hadal hayay in kaniisadaha kale ee gumeysiga ay xalliyaan khilaafka.[73]

Laakiin sidee? Weligeed taariikhda Kaniisadda Dib-u-habaynta Nederland ee Waqooyiga Ameerika may yeelan daacadnimada akhlaaqda mid ka mid ah wasiirradeeda oo ay ka horyimaadeen ururadiisa. Ilaa hadda, waxa kaliya ee lagu muransanaa waxa ay ahaayeen mushaharka. Yurub waxaa ka jiray machadyo kaniisado ah oo wax ka qabta kiisaska noocaas ah—maxkamad ama fasal. Ameerika waxba may jirin. Dhowrka bilood ee soo socda, sida kacaanku bilaabmay, wasiirrada Nederland ee New York waxay isku dayeen inay la yimaadaan hab ay ula macaamilaan Van den Bosch iyaga oo aan burburin dharka jilicsan ee kaniisaddooda. Waagii Nederlaanku xukumayey, markii Kaniisadda Dib-u-habaynta Nederland ay ahayd kaniisad la aasaasay, waxaa laga yaabaa inay u jeestaan dawladda rayidka ah si ay u caawiyaan. Laakiin hadda dawladda, oo lagu qabtay kacdoon la isku haysto, wax caawimo ah ma lahayn.

Kingston bishii Juun, nimanku waxay la yaabeen wasiirkooda dhibaatada leh halka kacaankii Manhattan uu qaatay jidkiisa: malayshiyadu waxay qabsadeen qalcadda, Badhasaab Sare Nicholson wuu cararay, iyo Leisler iyoSi loola dagaallamo, Leisler waxa uu u maamulay qaab kalitalisnimo ah, isaga oo dhaleecaynayay kuwa isaga su'aal ka keenay in ay yihiin khaa'inul waddan iyo warqado-wadayaal, qaarna xabsiga ku tuuray qaarna ka dhaadhiciyay in ay ammaankooda u cararaan. Bishii Disembar 1689-kii waxa uu sheegtay awoodda guddoomiye ku xigeenka iyo guddiga badbaadada oo la kala diray. Bishii Febraayo 1690-kii weerar Faransiis ah ayaa burburiyay Schenectady. Cadaadis, Albany wuxuu ugu dambeyntii aqbalay awoodda Leisler bishii Maarso iyadoo Leisler uu ku baaqay shir cusub in la doorto si uu u caawiyo maalgelinta duulaanka Kanada. Markii uu dadaalkii dowladdiisa ku qaaday weerarka Faransiiska, tiro sii kordhaysa oo reer New York ah ayaa bilaabay inay u arkaan inuu yahay meel aan sharci ahayn. Kalsoonidiisa ku aaddan shirqoolka Kaatooligga ayaa sii kordhay isaga iyo mucaaradka. Taa baddalkeeda, ugaarsigiisa Catholic (ama "papist") shirqoolayaasha ayaa ka dhigay kaliya inuu u ekaado caqli-xumo iyo gar-darro kuwa ka shakiyay sharcinimadiisa. Qadhaadhka gudaha New York ayaa kordhay falcelinta ka dhanka ah canshuuraha ay u codeeyeen golaha Leisler. Ka dib safarkii xagaaga ee ka dhanka ahaa Faransiiska ayaa si xun u fashilmay, maamulka Leisler wuu engegay. Degmooyinka, magaalooyinka, kaniisadaha, iyo qoysasku waxay ku kala qaybsameen su'aasha: Leisler ma geesi baa mise waa daalim? Anti-Leislerian-ku si dhab ah uma ay daacad ahayn dawladda King James. Laakiin marar badan waxay ahaayeen niman si wanaagsan wax ugu qabtay xukunkii King James. Leislerian-ku waxay u janjeersadeen inay ka shakiyaanmaleeshiyadu waxay ku dhawaaqeen William iyo Mary inay yihiin madax-banaanida runta ah ee New York. Reverend Tesschenmaker, wasiirka Schenectady's Dutch Reformed Church, ayaa booqday Kingston si uu dadka ugu wargaliyo in Selijns uu u xilsaaray inuu xalliyo khilaafka. Wuxuu soo jeediyay in la keeno "laba wadaad iyo laba oday oo kaniisadaha deriska ah." Isagoo qoraya isla maalintaas in Leisler iyo maleeshiyooyinku ay ku dhaarteen daacadnimada King William iyo Queen Mary, Van den Bosch ayaa u sheegay Selijns in "marka la sheego kharashaadka lagu bixinayo wicitaan la mid ah, midna Consistory ama Jameecayagu ma laha dhegaha wax lagu maqlo. Hagaag, waxay yidhaahdaan ‘miyaanay ku filnayn in aanu intaas dheer ku jirnay adeeg la’aan?’ iyo ‘miyaan weli la inaga sugayaa in aan bixinno khilaafkii ay shan qof dhexdeenna galiyeen?’ “[74]
0> Akhri wax dheeraad ah : Mary Queen of Scots Durbadiiba waxa uu soo bandhigayay karti uu kiiskiisa dhaqan xumada u muuqda u rogay arin siyaasadaysan oo ka hor imanaysa in badan oo shirka ka mid ah.
Sida dawlada New York ay meesha ka baxday xagaagii, kaniisadaha Nederland waxay isku dayeen inay abuuraan awood ay ku maareeyaan kiiska Van den Bosch. Bishii Luulyo Van den Bosch iyo De Meyer waxay waraaqo u direen Selijns iyagoo sheegay inay isu gudbin doonaan xukunka wasiirada iyo odayaasha iman doona oo dhegaysan doona kiiska. Laakin labaduba waxay u qalmeen soo gudbintoodaguddigan. Van den Bosch wuxuu u gudbiyay si sharci ah, "Iyadoo la bixiyay xukunka iyo gunaanadka wacdiyayaasha iyo odayaasha waxay ku raacsan yihiin ereyga Ilaah iyo anshaxa kaniisadda." De Meyer waxa uu xaq u leeyahay in uu racfaan ka qaato go'aanka Classis of Amsterdam, kaas oo awood u lahaa kaniisadaha Nederland ee Waqooyiga Ameerika tan iyo markii la aasaasay New Netherland. Kala qaybsanaanta soo ifbaxday ee u dhaxaysa Leislerians iyo Anti-Leislerian-ka ee Ulster. Selijns waxay ahayd inay u soo baxdo sidii mid ka mid ah mucaaradka weyn ee Leisler. Siyaasad ahaan, De Meyer ayaa wadaagi doona daacadnimadan. Laakin waxa uu ka baqay in shirqool wadaad ah oo uu hogaaminaayo Selijns ay ka hortagto in cadaalada lagu sameeyo Van den Bosch. Wuxuu maqlay xanta Selijns oo leh "qofna waa inuu u maleeyaa in wacdiya, oo tixraacaya Dominie Van den Bosch, uusan si fudud u dhaqmin karin sida xubin caadi ah." Taas waxa loo fahmay in ay la macno tahay in “wasiirku aanu samayn karin wax khalad ah (si kasta oo ay u weyn yihiin) sababtuna ay tahay in gabi ahaanba xilka laga xayuubin karo.” xukunka iyo kaniisadda si ay u maamusho xubnaheeda. Waxa uu ka baqay Van den Bosch in uu ku daro qalalaasaha ka socda kaniisadda gumeysiga ee Leisler. Selijns wuxuu qoray Van den Bosch cabsidiisa "aad u weyncaqli-xumo [aad] naftaada gelisey xaalad caynkaas ah, taasoo ah inaan ku dhownahay inaan caawinno aragno"; in "anaga iyo Kaniisadda Ilaah waa la xaman doonaa"; isagoo ku daray xusuusin in "in loo aqoonsado tusaale ahaan idaha, iyo in la isku dayo in loo aqoonsado sidaas oo kale waa muhiimad aad u weyn." Selijns waxa uu rajaynayay in uu barto "dhibaatooyinka iyo dhibaatooyinka laga yaabo in ay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan wacdiyayaal aan caqli-gal ahayn, iyo waxa xukunka laga fili karo iyada oo xitaa ugu yar qadhaadhka u ah Kaniisadda Ilaah," wuxuuna ku boorriyay Van den Bosch inuu "u baryo ruuxa iftiinka iyo dib u cusboonaysiinta.” Si wadajir ah oo ay weheliyaan qaybaha New York iyo Midwout ee Long Island, Selijns ayaa ku booriyay Van den Bosch inuu eego damiirkiisa oo uu cafiyo haddii loo baahdo. si looga fogaado iska hor imaad isagoo si cad u aaminsan in Van den Bosch uu qaldanaa. Waxay u maleeyeen in ay ku haboon tahay in aan si qoto dheer wax loo waydiin, taas oo shaki la'aan laga filayo kulanka Classis, halkaas oo Baadarigaaga la tarxiili doono ama ugu yaraan lagu canaanan doono iyada oo loo eegayo eedeymaha la saarayo." Waxay rabeen, sida ay hadalka u dhigeen, "inay daboolka ku dhejiyaan dheriga wakhti fiican iyo rajada miyir-qabka mustaqbalka, si ay wax walba ugu daboolaan hummaagga samafalka." Halkii la isugu yeedhi lahaa nooc ka mid ah fasallada wixii u muuqday arrin gaar ah in lagu xalliyo maxkamad madani ah (iyo ka sokow, waxayWaxay yiraahdeen, ma aysan tira badanayn si ay u noqdaan fasal), waxay soo jeediyeen in mid ka mid ah, Selijns ama Varick, uu tago Kingston si uu u heshiisiinayo labada dhinac "iyo in lagu gubo waraaqaha isdhaafsiga ee dabka jacaylka iyo nabadda." 79. Kala qaybsanaan ku saabsan cidda ku dhaqmi karta maamulka saxda ah ee ka soo muuqday guud ahaan gumeysiga. Bilowgii Agoosto, garsoorayaasha Albany waxay dhisteen dawlad u gaar ah, oo ay ugu yeereen Axdiga. Laba toddobaad ka dib, guddiga badbaadada ee Manhattan waxay ku dhawaaqeen Leisler taliyaha guud ee ciidamada gumeysiga

Dhacdooyinkaas dhexdiisa, Van den Bosch waxa uu warqad dheer u qoray Selijns, isaga oo samaynaya shirqool u gaar ah. aragtiyo cad oo wiiqaya rajadii Selijns ee dib u heshiisiinta. Halkii laga qoomameyn lahaa, Van den Bosch wuxuu bixiyay diidmo. Waxa uu dafiray in cadawgiisu ay caddayn karaan wax kasta oo la taaban karo oo isaga ka dhan ah, waxa uu ku adkaystay in uu dhibane u yahay olole aflagaaddo ah oo ay qaadeen De Meyer, Wessels ten Broeck, iyo Jacob Rutsen, waxana uu ku andacoodey in uu "abuuray oo uu qoray raaligelinteyda, kaas oo aan si weyn u qoray. sharax oo caddeeya dhammaan waxyaabihii hore loo sheegay.” Qalabkiisa silcintiisa ayaa ka booday qoraal-gacmeedka: "Waxay igula dhaqmeen si ka sii daran sidii ay Yuhuuddu ula macaamili jireen Masiixa, marka laga reebo inay iskutallaabta igu qodbeen kari waayeen, taas oo ka dhigaysa inay aad uga xumaadaan." Waxa uu u qaatay in aanu dambi lahayn. Taa beddelkeedana waxa uu eedaynayaashiisa ku eedeeyayoo jameeco ka xayuubiyay wacdigiisa. Waxa uu dareemay in ay tahay De Meyer kan u baahan in uu soo gudbiyo dib-u-heshiisiinta. Haddii De Meyer uu diido, markaa kaliya "xukun qeexan oo ku saabsan kulan qadiimi ah, ama maxkamadda siyaasadda" ayaa soo celin kara "jacaylka iyo nabadda" shirka. Xiritaanka Van den Bosch ayaa muujinaya sida uu uga fog yahay aqbalaadda habka dib-u-heshiisiinta ee Selijns. Isagoo ka jawaabaya hadalka ah in "wacdiyayaasha aan caqli-gal ahayn" ay dhibaato ka keeni karaan shirka, Van den Bosch wuxuu qoray "Waxay ila tahay in halkii wacdiyaasha aan caqli-gal ahayn ee wadaadadaadu ay ugu talagaleen in uu yiraahdo boors viz. Wessel Ten Broeck iyo W. De Meyer, kuwaas oo ah kuwa sababa dhammaan mashaakilkan iyo dhibaatooyinkan ... iyada gurigooda.”[80]

Narcissism-ka Van den Bosch waa mid la dareemi karo. Isla mar ahaantaana, wuxuu bixiyaa tilmaamo ku saabsan sida kiiskiisa loogu dhejiyay kalsooni darada ka dhex jirta dadka deegaanka iyo dadka caanka ah ee Kingston. "Falalka xun ee ay iga geesteen waxay ku xaqiijiyeen sumcadda xun ee ay dadka gobolkan ku hayaan," ayuu qoray. Waxa uu ku andacoodey in uu taageero ka helay dhammaan xubnaha ururka oo uu ka badbaadiyey "afar ama shan qof." Faragelinta dibadda waxay ahayd lama huraan sababtoo ah shirkadu aad bay uga cadhoonayeen kuwa iga soo horjeeda, sababtoo ah iyaga[81] Van den Bosch waligiis uma eka inuu fahmay kala qaybsanaanta u dhaxaysa Leislerian iyo Anti-Leislerian.[82] Isagu wuxuu ahaa vendetta shakhsi ahaaneed. Laakiin waa in ay jiraan wax lagu qanci karo oo ku jira xisaabtiisa cadaadis. Bishii Sebtembar, qoraal Anti-Leislerian ah oo Albany ka soo baxay ayaa xusay in "New Jersey, Esopus iyo Albany oo leh dhowr magaalo oo ku yaal Long Island weligood ma aqbali doonaan ama aqbali doonin fallaagada Leyslaers altho' dad badan oo faqiir ah oo faqiir ah ayaa ka mid ah kuwa aan heli karin wax aan jirin. Hogaamiye.”[83] Si badheedh la'aan ah, Van den Bosch waxa uu u muuqdaa in uu soo galay farqiga hoggaanka Leislerian. Waayo, isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya dhibbanaha ragga caanka ku ah u naxariisashada Albany iyo mucaaradka Leisler, waxa uu noqday wax geesi Leislerian ah. Isaga oo ka guuraya hoyga dadka caanka ah ee Kingston, waxa uu hadda soo saaray tiro taageereyaal ah oo la jaanqaadi doona isaga inta lagu jiro labada sano ee soo socota iyo suurtogalnimada xitaa seddexda sano.
Van den Bosch Xaqiiqda ah in uu soo jiitay cadaawadda kuwa sidoo kale ahaa cadawga Leisler, sida Dominie Varick. Wakhti ka dib Varick waxa lagu xidhi doonaa mucaaradnimadiisa Leisler. Ka awood badan iska-hor-imaad ka badan Selijns, wuxuu u qoray Van den Bosch jawaab xun. Varick wuxuu cadeeyay inay jiraan warar xan ah oo aad u badan oo laga helay ilo lagu kalsoon yahay oo ku saabsan dhaqankiisa xun iyo inay ahayduma badna dhowr sababood dartood in fasalka la doonayo lagu shiro Kingston. Waxaa ka sii daran, waxa uu helay codkii warqaddii u dambaysay ee Van den Bosch ee uu ku aflagaadeeyey Selijns, “waa da’, waayo-arag ah, wax bartay, wacdiye cibaado leh oo nabadda jecel, kaas oo, muddo aad u dheer, gaar ahaan dalkan, sameeyey, welina ah. waxay bixinaysaa, adeegyo weyn oo loogu talagalay Kaniisadda Ilaah." Van den Bosch wuxuu si cad u lumiyay taageerada wasiiradiisa. Varick wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyey, "Miyaad, Dominie, hadda cadow kugu filan ku lahayn, gurigaaga Reverend iyo jameecada adiga oo aan isku dayin in aad cadaawayaal ka dhex abuurto wadaaddada kale ee Reverend?"[84]
Van den Bosch waxa uu gartay inuu ahaa dhibaato, in kastoo uusan weli qiran karin wax qalad ah. Hadda oo uu isku hallayn kari waayay wasiirradii ay isku haybta ahaayeen, ayuu tilmaan ka bixiyay dib-u-heshiisiintii ay bilo ka hor ku guubaabiyeen. Waxa uu u jawaabay Varick, isaga oo sheegay in fasallada aan loo baahnayn. Wuxuu si fudud u cafin lahaa cadawgiisa. Haddii ay tani shaqayn waydo, waa inuu baxo Laakiin waxa ay siisay kaniisadaha agagaarka New York sabab aan loo tagin Kingston.[86] Natiijo ahaan, "shirka kaniisadda" ee ku kulmay Kingston bishii Oktoobar 1689 ma aysan siinin awoodda buuxda ee Kaniisadda Nederlandka ee gumeysiga, oo kaliya tii wasiirada.iyo odayaasha Schenectady iyo Albany. Muddo dhawr maalmood ah waxay ururiyeen markhaati ka dhan ah Van den Bosch. Kadib, habeen habeenada ka mid ah waxay ogaadeen in Van den Bosch uu xaday qaar badan oo ka mid ah dukumeentiyadooda. Markii uu diiday inuu qirto waxa muuqda, waxay diideen inay sii wadaan dhegeysiga dacwadiisa. Isagoo ku andacoonaya in uusan "wax faa'iido ah ama wax dhisid ah ka heli karin" inuu sii ahaado wasiirka Kingston, Van den Bosch wuu iska casilay.[87] Dominie Dellius ee Albany wuxuu soo qaadi lahaa dhaqanka soo jireenka ah ee caawinta kaniisadda Kingston "waqti ka waqti." , "wacdiyayaashii iyo ku xigeenada New Albany iyo Schenectade" waxay ka dhigeen inay ka sii daraan sidii hore." Waxa uu ku andacoodey in uu ka cadhooday in ay ku dhiiradeen in ay xukumaan isaga oo aan Selijns iyo Varick joogin oo ay diideen in ay aqbalaan xukunkooda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuu iscasilay, isagoo leh "ma noolaan karo dhibaato kale, inay raadiyaan wacdiya kale, iyo inaan isku dayo inaan farxad iyo xasillooni ka helo meel kale." Varick, Selijns, iyo kooxahooda ayaa ka qoomameeyay in xaaladdu ay ku dhammaatay si liidata sidii ay ahayd, laakiin waxay heleen bixitaankii Van den Bosch mid la aqbali karo. Kadib waxay soo bandhigeen su'aal adag oo ku saabsan sida Kingston uu u heli karo wasiir cusub. Mushaharka ay bixisay wuxuu ahaa mid yar iyo soo jiidashada Kingston in yarMusharixiinta suurtagalka ah ee Nederland.[89] Runtii waxay noqon doontaa shan sano ka hor inta uusan imaan wasiirka xiga ee Kingston, Petrus Nucella. Dhanka kale, waxaa jiray kuwa go'aansaday inay sii wataan wasiirkooda, xitaa haddii uu ku dhici lahaa isku-dhafka Kingston.

Halgankii

Van den Bosch ma tagin. fogaan. Maqnaanshaha kaniisadaha New York iyo Long Island ee golaha Kingston, iyo habka lama filaanka ah ee Van den Bosch uu iska casilay ka hor inta aan la eryin, ayaa ka tagay shaki ku filan oo ku saabsan kiiskiisa si uu u taageero sharciga sanadka soo socda ama dheeraad ah. Tani waxay si dhow ula xiriirtay taageerada caanka ah ee sababta Leisler. Bishii Nofembar Leisler's lieutenant Jacob Milborne wuxuu joojiyay Ulster County iyada oo qayb ka ah howlgalka lagu ururinayo "dadka dalka" ee ka yimid dhammaan agagaarka Albany ilaa sababta Leislerian.[90] Diseembar 12, 1689, xitaa markii raggii Hurley ay ku dhaarteen daacadnimadooda King William iyo Queen Mary, Ulster's Leislerian sheriff, William de la Montagne, ayaa u qoray Selijns in Van den Bosch uu weli wacdiyey oo baabtiisay oo uu xitaa si cad ugu dhawaaqay "in waxa uu damacsan yahay in uu ku maamulo Cashada Quduuska ah.” De la Montagne wuxuu xusay in wasaaradaha Van den Bosch ay sababeen "khilaaf weyn oo ka dhex jira golaha deegaanka." Sida cad, Van den Bosch ma helin taageerada Leislerian sida De la Montagne, kaas oo sidoo kale soo bandhigay nacayb gaar ah oo beeralayda caadiga ah. "Qaar badan oo fududkuwa maskaxda leh way raacaan isaga" halka kuwa kalena "xumaanta ku hadlaan," De la Montagne ayaa qoray isagoo diiddan. Si loo soo afjaro qaybahan, De la Montagne waxa uu waydiiyay bayaan ka soo baxay Selijns “qoraal ah” haddii ay u bannaan tahay Van den Bosch inuu maamulo Cashada Rabbiga, isagoo rumaysan in “taladiisu ay noqon doonto mid aad u qiimo badan oo laga yaabo inay horseeddo [91] Selijns wuxuu qori doonaa dhowr bayaan Hurley iyo Kingston sanadka soo socda si uu u caddeeyo xukunka kaniisadda New York in Van den Bosch uusan ku habboonayn inuu ku shaqeeyo xafiiskiisa.[92] Laakiin wax farqi ah ma samayn.

Yaa taageeray Van den Bosch iyo sababta? Koox aan la magacaabin, oo aan waligood lagu magacaabin waraaqaha ama qorista kelmad uu raalli ka yahay meel kasta oo la yaqaan, waxaa laga heli karaa Ulster oo dhan, xitaa Kingston. Sida cad taageerada ugu weyn waxay ahayd Hurley iyo Marbletown. Nin ka yimid Marbletown oo wadaad ka ahaa kaniisadda Kingston "waa naga go'ay," Kingston's ka kooban yahay ayaa qoray, "oo sadaqada ka dhex aruuriya dhagaystayaashiisa." Fikradda isku dhafan ee qayb ka mid ah rafcaanku waxay ahayd in dadku ay jeclaan lahaayeen inay maqlaan Van den Bosch wacdinta intii ay dhegaysan lahaayeen akhristaha dhabta ah (malaha De la Montagne[93]) akhriya. Isaga oo weli wacdinaya Axadaha meel ku taal Ulster, imaanshaha kaniisadda Kingston waxay ahayd "aad u yar."Nimankaas waxay si sax ah u xidhiidhinayeen Yacquub iyo addoommadiisii. Scotland iyo Ireland waxay mar hore hoos ugu dhaceen dagaal sokeeye. New York ma ku biiri lahayd? Iska horimaadyada ayaa halis ku ahaa in uu ka qarxo dagaal furan. Alas for Leisler: kuwa ka soo horjeeda waxay ku guuleysteen dagaalka siyaasadeed ee taageerada dawladda cusub ee Ingiriiska ee Yurub. Markii askarta iyo guddoomiye cusub ay yimaadeen waxay qaateen dhinaca Anti-Leislerians kuwaas oo cadhooday keentay in Leisler lagu fuliyo khiyaamo qaran bishii Maajo 1691. Cadhada Leislerian-ka ee caddaalad-darradan ayaa ka careysiisay siyaasadda New York sanadaha soo socda. Halkii dagaal sokeeye ka dhici lahaa, New York waxay ku dhacday tobanaan sano oo siyaasad xisbi ah.

Sharaxaadda dhacdooyinkii 1689-91 ee New York waxay muddo dheer caqabad ku noqotay taariikhyahannada. Iyagoo la kulmay cadaymo aan fiicneyn, waxay ka raadiyeen ujeedooyinka shakhsiyaadka asalkooda iyo ururada, iyagoo si kale u adkeynaya qowmiyadda, fasalka, iyo diinta ku xiran, ama qaar ka mid ah kuwan la isku daray. 1689kii New York waxay ahayd meesha ugu kala duwan ee gumaysigii Ingriiska ee Ameerika. Luqadda Ingiriisiga, kaniisadaha, iyo degayaashu waxay ka kooban yihiin qayb ka mid ah bulshada oo ay ku jiraan tiro badan oo Nederland, Faransiis, iyo Walloon ah (Protestanka ku hadla Faransiiska ee koonfurta Nederland). In kasta oo qofku aanu samayn karin xog guud oo dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan is-bahaysiga, haddana shaqadii ugu dambaysay waxay muujisay in Leislerians ay u janjeeraan inay noqdaan Dutch, Walloon, iyo Huguenot marka loo eego Ingiriisi ama Iskotish, ay u badan tahay.Marbletown wuxuu muujinayaa inuu haysto taageerada beeralayda kuwaas oo ka kooban inta badan Ulster's Leislerians. Is-xilqaanka ka muuqda warqadaha garsoorayaasha ee iyaga ku saabsan ayaa tilmaamaya in nooc ka mid ah qeybsanaanta fasalka ay door ku leedahay sida dadku uga falcelinayaan isaga. Tani waxay ahayd iyada oo aan la helin dadaal miyir leh oo ku saabsan Van den Bosch qaybtiisa. Van den Bosch ma ahayn populist. Hal mar (sakhraansan) ayuu "dharbaaxay gadaashiisa iyo kabaha, oo uu buuxiyey suulka, oo uu yidhi, Beeraleydu waa addoommadayda." Meyer.

Qowmiyadnimadu waxa laga yaabaa inay ahayd wax arrin ah. Ka dib oo dhan, Van den Bosch wuxuu ahaa Walloon ku wacdiyi jiray kaniisad Nederlaan ah oo dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay oo ku taal bulsho Nederlaan ah oo u badan. Inta badan ragga ka soo horjeeda Van den Bosch waxay ahaayeen Dutch. Van den Bosch waxa uu xidhiidh naxariiseed la lahaa bulshada deegaanka Walloon, iyo gaar ahaan qabiilka caanka ah ee Du Bois ee New Paltz. Wuxuu guursaday inantiisii addoonta ahayd ee Walloon, Elizabeth Vernooy, Du Bois.[96] Saaxiibkiis Nederland, kabtanka doonyaha webiga Jan Joosten, sidoo kale wuxuu la xiriiray Du Bois.[97] Waxaa laga yaabaa in xididada Van den Bosch's Walloon ay abuureen nooc ka mid ah dammaanadda Walloons iyo Huguenots ee maxalliga ah. Hadday sidaas tahay, ma ahayn mid Van den Bosch laftiisu si badheedh ah u beeray ama xitaa aad u miyirsaday. Ka dib oo dhan, qaar badan oo ka mid ah ragga uu dareemay in ay ku taageeri doonaan dhibaatooyinkiisa waxay ahaayeen Dutch: Joosten, Arie Roosa, nin "mudnaa"caqiidada,”[98] iyo Benjamin Provoost, xubinta ka kooban isku xidhka uu ku kalsoon yahay inuu sheekadiisa u sheego New York.[99] Isla mar ahaantaana, ugu yaraan qaar ka mid ah Walloons, sida De la Montagne, ayaa ka soo horjeeday.

In kasta oo Van den Bosch hubaal aanu garanayn ama aanu dan ka lahayn, wuxuu tuulooyinka beeralayda siin jiray wax ay rabaan. Soddon sano Kingston waxa ay hogaaminayeen noloshooda diineed, siyaasadeed, iyo dhaqaale. Wacdigii Van den Bosch iyo ku adeegida Nederlandka (iyo suurta gal Faransiis), waxay u ogolaatay tuulooyinka ka baxsan inay aasaasaan shahaado madaxbannaan oo aan horay loo arag oo ka soo jeeda Kingston iyo kaniisadeeda. Ka dib oo dhan, haysashada kaniisad waxay ahayd tallaabo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan madaxbannaanida bulshada. Arrinta Van den Bosch waxay calaamad u ahayd bilawga halganka ka dhanka ah hegemony Kingston kaas oo si fiican u socon doona qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad. si ay u sii firfircoonaato ilaa dayrtii 1690 iyo si aad u wanaagsan ilaa 1691. Gugii 1690 kii Kingston ayaa ka cawday in uusan ku wacdin kaliya Hurley iyo Marbletown, laakiin xitaa guryaha dadka ee Kingston, taasoo keentay "khilaafyo badan" kaniisadda dhexdeeda. . Tani waxay ahayd wakhti ku dhow markii, iyada oo xoogagga Anti-Leislerian la wiiqay, Roeloff Swartwout wuxuu dareemay inay ammaan tahay in la doorto wakiillada golaha Leisler. Bilo ka dib, Agoosto, Kingston's ka kooban yahay ayaa baroortayin "dad badan oo jinni ah" ay "ku farxeen inay ka kalluumaystaan biyaha hadda dhibka leh" oo ay iska indhatiraan odhaahda qoraalka ah ee Selijns. Waxa kale oo ay u qortay Classis of Amsterdam si ay uga cabato "jebinta weyn ee kaniisadeena iyo Ilaah keliya ayaa og sida ay tahay in loo bogsado." Waayo, innaga qudheenna waxaan nahay dad aan amar lahayn oo aan itaal lahayn - annagoo canaananayna ayuu Van den Bosch ku yidhi warqad furan oo Classical ah oo naloo soo diray, waxaa laga yaabaa in la filayo in wax walba ay hoos u dhacaan, oo kala daadsanaanta kaniisaddu ay sii socoto. "[102]

Classkii Amsterdam waxaa ku wareeray arrinka oo dhan. Ka dib markii ay heshay codsigii Selijns ee gargaarka bishii Juun 1691, waxay u dirtay wakiillo si ay u baaraan doorkeeda arrimaha kaniisadda New York ee Nederland tan iyo markii Ingiriisku qabsaday. Waxay heleen "ma jirto tusaale ah in Classis of Amsterdam uu gacan ku lahaa ganacsigan oo kale." Taa beddelkeeda, garsoorayaasha maxalliga ah iyo garsoorayaasha ayaa tallaabo qaaday. Markaa Classis uma jawaabin. Sannad ka dib, bishii Abriil 1692, Classis ayaa qoray inay dhahaan waan ka xumahay inaan maqlo dhibaatooyinka ka jira kaniisadda Kingston, laakiin ma ay fahmin iyaga ama sida looga jawaabo iyaga.[103]

Van den Bosch's Xirfadda shakhsi ahaaneed (aan la garanayn) ee iska caabinta maxalliga ah waxay si weyn ugu tiirsan tahay xaaladda siyaasadeed ee weyn ee gumeysiga, xitaa haddii aysan si toos ah ugu muuqan xaaladdiisa. Iyadoo laga shakiyoxanta iyo qadhaadhka kooxeed ee nidaamka maalinta, Van den Bosch wuxuu awooday inuu u rogo kiiskiisa muranka dhaliyay sabab maxalli ah oo ka soo horjeeda Kingston's elite. Dhaqdhaqaaqa dukumeentiyada ku saabsan arinta Van den Bosch waxay joogsataa dhamaadka Oktoobar 1690. Taageerada Van den Bosch, ama ugu yaraan awoodiisa inuu ku diido maamulka maxalliga ah, ma sii socon wax badan, laga yaabee hal sano ama ugu badnaan. Mar haddii amar siyaasadeed oo cusub la sugay ka dib dilkii Leisler, maalmihiisii degmada Ulster waa la tiriyey. Xisaabaadka adeegayaasha, oo bannaan laga soo bilaabo Jannaayo 1687, dib u bilaabay Maajo 1692 iyada oo aan la sheegin isaga. Ogeysiis kooban oo ku jira waraaqihii kiniisadda ee Oktoobar 1692 wuxuu sheegay in uu "ka tagay Esopus oo aaday Maryland." in ka badan godka uu Van den Bosch ku sameeyay shabakadooda bulshada. Sida xaaskiisa Cornelia ay ula tacaasho sannadihii u dhexeeyey ma garanayno. Laakiin bishii Luulyo 1696, waxay guursatay mid ka mid ah horyaalladeeda, bir-tumeyihii iyo xubin ka kooban Johannes Wynkoop, waxayna uuraysatay gabadh. Fadeexada Van den Bosch waxay jahawareerisay kala qaybsanaanta Leislerian ee jirta. Dhaqankiisa foosha xun ee uu kula kacay haweenka iyo ixtiraam darada uu u hayo dadka caanka ah ee deegaanka ayaa dhab ahaantii isu keenay hogaamiyayaasha Leislerians iyo Anti-Leislerian ee sababta guud ee difaacala wadaago dareenka saxda ah. Ragga leh ururrada Anti-Leislerian ayaa hormuud ka ahaa weerarkii Van den Bosch, gaar ahaan William de Meyer, the Ten Broeks, Wynkoops, iyo Philip Schuyler.[106] Laakiin Leislerian-ka la yaqaan ayaa sidoo kale ka soo horjeeday: dadka deegaanka Jacob Rutsen (kaas oo Van den Bosch u tiriyey mid ka mid ah cadawgiisa weyn) iyo saaxiibkiis Jan Fokke; Schenectady's Dominie Tesschenmaker, oo hogaaminayay baaritaanka; De la Montagne, oo ka cawday hawlihiisa sii socda; iyo ugu dambeyntii, Leisler laftiisa, oo aan lahayn wax wanaagsan oo uu ka sheego isaga.

Arrinta Van den Bosch waxay abuurtay khalkhal weyn oo maxalli ah oo ay tahay in ay hoos u dhigto awoodda kooxeysiga maxalliga ah. Dhowr qof oo muhiim ah oo u kala qaybsanaa siyaasadda Leislerian ee gumeysiga ayaa ku midoobay mucaaradkooda Van den Bosch. Dhanka kale, kuwa kale oo ku heshiiyey Leisler waxay isku khilaafeen Van den Bosch. Isagoo gooyay kooxihii siyaasadeed ee wakhtigaas, Van den Bosch wuxuu ku qasbay dadka deegaanka inay la shaqeeyaan kuwaas oo laga yaabo inaanan haysan, isagoo sidoo kale kaxeynaya hoggaamiyeyaasha Leislerian iyo taageerayaashooda. Isku soo wada duuboo tani waxay saameyn ku yeelatay in meesha laga saaro kala duwanaanshiyaha fikradeed iyadoo sare loo qaadayo arrimaha maxalliga ah, gaar ahaan awoodda Kingston iyo kaniisadeeda ee gobolka intiisa kale.

Ulster County sidaas darteed waxay lahayd qaybo gaar ah oo u gaar ah 1689, waxayna sii jiri doonaan sanado kadib dilka Leisler.Labaatanka sano ee soo socda, ergo kala duwan, Leislerian iyo Anti-Leislerian, ayaa loo diri doonaa golaha New York, iyadoo ku xiran dabaysha siyaasadeed ee jirta. Heer deegaan, midnimadii kaniisadda gobolka waa la jebiyey. Markii wasiirka cusub, Petrus Nucella, yimid, wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu la saftay Leislerian-ka Kingston, sida uu sameeyay kuwii New York.[107] 1704tii Gudomiye Edward Hyde, Viscount Cornbury, ayaa sharaxay in "qaar ka mid ah Nederlandka tan iyo markii ay degeen markii ugu horeysay sababtoo ah kala qaybsanaan ka dhex dhacday iyaga ayaa si fiican u janjeera Kastamka Ingiriisiga & Diinta la aasaasay. Mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan diinta ayaa noqon doona wasiirkii dib-u-habaynta Nederland oo loo diray 1706, Henricus Beys.[109] Haddii Laurentius Van den Bosch lagu tirin karo inuu dhaxal u siiyay Ulster, waxay ku jiri doontaa kartidiisa gaarka ah inuu ka faa'iidaysto kala qaybsanaanta bulshada dhexdeeda oo uu keeno wadnaha kaniisadeeda. Isagu ma uu keenin jabka, laakiin ku guul daraystay inuu xataa isku dayo inuu bogsiiyo waxay ka dhigtay qayb ka mid ah taariikhda gumeysiga Ulster.

Dagaalkii Camden

> Mahadnaq

Jaamacadda. Wuxuu jeclaan lahaa inuu u mahadceliyo shaqaalaha Bulshada Taariikhda New-York, New York State Archives, New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, Xafiiska Karraaniga Degmada Ulster, Goobta Taariikhda Gobolka ee Aqalka Senate-ka ee Kingston, Huguenot Historical Society of New Paltz, iyo Maktabadda Huntington ee kaalmada cilmi-baarista ee noocooda ah. Waxa uu u mahadcelinayaa Maktabada Huntington iyo New-York Historical Society ogolaanshaha laga soo xigtay ururintooda. Faallooyinkooda waxtarka leh iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuu u mahadcelinayaa Julia Abramson, Paula Wheeler Carlo, Marc B. Fried, Cathy Mason, Eric Roth, Kenneth Shefsiek, Owen Stanwood, iyo David Voorhees. Waxa uu sidoo kale u mahadcelinayaa Suzanne Davies kaalmada tifaftirka. >

1.ï¿½ Dulmar kooban oo faa'iido leh oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka ayaa laga heli karaa Robert C. Ritchie, Gobolka Duke: Daraasada Siyaasadda iyo Bulshada New York, 1664- 1691 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977), 198-231.

2.ï¿½ Leisler ma uusan qabsan awooda, inkastoo tani ay tahay sida ay mucaaradkiisu u soo bandhigeen bilowgii. Maleeshiyada caadiga ah waxay sameeyeen dhaqdhaqaaqii ugu horeeyay markii ay qabsadeen qalcadda Manhattan. Simon Middleton wuxuu ku nuuxnuuxsaday in Leisler uu la wareegay oo kaliya ka dib markii maleeshiyadu ay bilaabeen tallaabo, Laga soo bilaabo mudnaanta ilaa Xuquuqda: Shaqada iyo Siyaasadda Gumeysiga New York City (Philadelphia: Jaamacadda Pennsylvania Press, 2006), 88-95. Runtii, markii ugu horeysay ee July lagu xujeeyay waa maxay awooddaLeisler wuxuu u dhaqmay sidii uu yeelay, wuxuu ku jawaabay, "Doorashada dadka shirkadiisa [maleeshiyada]," Edmund B. O'Callaghan iyo Berthold Fernow, eds., Dukumentiyada La Xiriira Taariikhda Gumeysiga ee Gobolka New York, 15 vols (Albany, NY: Weed, Parson, 1853–87), 3:603 (kadib waxaa loo daliishaday DRCHNY).

3.ï¿½ John M. Murrin, “Hadhka khatarta ah ee Louis XIV iyo Rage ee Jacob Leisler: Dhibaatada Dastuuriga ah ee Qarnigii Toddoba iyo Tobnaad ee New York,” ee Stephen L. Schechter iyo Richard B. Bernstein, eds., New York iyo Midowga ), 29–71.

4.ï¿½ Owen Stanwood, "Xilliga Protestant: Antipopery, Kacaankii 1688-1689, iyo Samaynta Boqortooyada Anglo-Maraykan," Journal of British Studies 46 (Julaay 2007): 481–508.

5.ï¿½ Fasiraaddii u dambeeyay ee fallaagada Leisler waxaa laga heli karaa Jerome R. Reich, Leisler's Rebellion: Daraasad Dimuqraadiyad ah oo ku taal New York (Chicago, Ill.: Jaamacadda Chicago Press, 1953); Lawrence H. Leder, Robert Livingston iyo Siyaasadda Gumeysiga New York, 1654-1728 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1961); Charles H. McCormick, "Leisler's Rebellion," (PhD diss., American University, 1971); David William Voorhees," 'Anigoo ka wakiil ah diinta Protestants ee runta ah': Kacaanka sharafta leh ee New York," (PhD diss., Jaamacadda New York, 1988); John Murrin, "IngiriisXuquuqda sida Gardarrada Qowmiyadeed: Guusha Ingiriisiga, Axdiga Xorriyadda ee 1683, iyo Kacdoonkii Leisler ee New York,” ee William Pencak iyo Conrad Edick Wright., eds., Maamulka iyo iska caabinta Horraantii New York (New York: New-York) Bulshada Taariikhda, 1988), 56-94; Donna Merwick, "Nin Nederlaan ah: Fasiraadda Sababta Jacob Leisler u dhintay," New York History 70 (Oktoobar 1989): 373-404; Randall Balmer, "Traitors and Papists: The Dimensions Dimensions of Leisler's Rebellion," New York History 70 (Oktoobar 1989): 341-72; Firth Haring Fabend, "'Sida uu qabo Holland Custome': Jacob Leisler iyo Loockermans Estate Feud," De Haelve Maen 67: 1 (1994): 1-8; Peter R. Christoph, "Xiisadaha Bulshada iyo Diinta ee Leisler's New York," De Haelve Maen 67:4 (1994): 87-92; Cathy Matson, Ganacsatada iyo Boqortooyada: Ka Ganacsiga Gumeysiga New York (Baltimore, Md.: Jaamacadda Johns Hopkins Press, 1998) ee France Had': Jacob Leisler's Huguenot Connections," De Haelve Maen 67:1 (1994): 15-20, baadhayaa ku lug lahaanshaha New Rochelle; Firth Haring Fabend, "Beeralayda Pro-Leislerian ee Horraantii New York: A 'Rabble waalan' ama 'Marwooyin u Taagan Xuquuqdooda?'" Hudson River Valley Review 22:2 (2006): 79-90; Thomas E. Burke, Jr. Mohawk Frontier: Jaaliyadda Dutch ee Schenectady, New York, 1661-1710 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell)Jaamacadda Press, 1991).

Sidoo kale eeg: Gaia: Goddess Giriigga Dhulka

7.ï¿½ Natiijo ahaan, taariikhyahannada maxalliga ahi waxay sameeyeen wax yar oo ka badan inay la xiriiraan sheeko-weyn oo caadi ah oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka iyagoo ku xiraya marmarka qaarkood ee Ulster, iyada oo aan la falanqeyn dhaqdhaqaaqyada maxalliga ah. . Sheekada ugu fidsan waxaa laga heli karaa Marius Schoonmaker, Taariikhda Kingston, New York, laga soo bilaabo Dejinteedii Hore ilaa Sannadka 1820 (New York: Burr Printing House, 1888), 85-89, kaas oo leh kirayste Pro-Leisler marka la cadaadiyo; eeg 89, 101.

8.ï¿½ Marka la eego isku dhafka guddiga badbaadada iyo fikradda fikradeed ee Leisler iyo taageerayaashiisa ay ku dhaqmeen, fiiri David William Voorhees, "'All Authority Turned Upside Down': Macnaha guud ee Fikradda Siyaasadeed ee Leislerian, " ee Hermann Wellenreuther, ed., Dunida Atlantic ee Qarnigii Toddoba iyo Tobnaad ee Dambe: Qoraallada Jacob Leisler, Ganacsiga, iyo Shabakadaha (Goettingen, Germany: Goettingen University Press, soo socda).

0>9.ï¿½ Muhiimadda cabbirkan diimeed ayaa si gaar ah loogu nuuxnuuxsaday shaqada Voorhees, "'Anigoo ka wakiil ah diinta Protestants-ka ee runta ah." Si aad u hesho caddayn dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan dareenka diimeed ee Swartout, eeg Andrew Brink, Invading Jannada: Degayaasha Esopus ee Dagaalka kula jira Dhaladka, 1659, 1663 (Philadelphia, Pa.: XLibris, 2003), 77-78.

10.ï¿½ Peter Christoph, ed., Warqadaha Leisler, 1689-1691: Faylasha Xoghayaha Gobolka New York ee la xiriiraBeeralayda iyo farsamayaqaannada marka loo eego baayacmushtarka (gaar ahaan ganacsatada caanka ah, in kasta oo Leisler laftiisu uu ahaa mid), waxayna u badan tahay inay taageeraan noocyada Calvinist ee adag ee Protestantism. Xiisadaha kooxeed ee u dhexeeya qoysaska sarsare ayaa sidoo kale door ka ciyaaray, gaar ahaan magaalada New York. In kasta oo laga yaabo in ay ku heshiin waayaan isku dhafka saxda ah ee walxaha, taariikhyahanadu waxay isku raaceen in qowmiyadaha, kala qaybsanaanta dhaqaalaha iyo diinta, iyo dhammaan xidhiidhada qoyska ay door ka qaateen go'aaminta daacadnimada dadka 1689-91.[5]

Walaaca deegaanka. sameeyey arrin kale oo muhiim ah qaybaha New York. Miisaanka ugu weyn, kuwani waxay ka hor iman karaan hal degmo oo kale, sida ay Albany ka sameeyeen New York. Marka la eego miisaan yar, waxaa sidoo kale jiray qaybsanaan u dhexeeya degsiimooyinka ku yaal hal degmo, tusaale ahaan inta u dhaxaysa Schenectady iyo Albany. Ilaa hadda, falanqaynta fallaagada Leisler ayaa ugu horreyn diiradda saartay New York iyo Albany, marxaladaha ugu muhiimsan ee riwaayadda. Daraasadaha maxalliga ah ayaa sidoo kale eegay Degmada Westchester iyo Degmada Orange (Degmada Dutch-ka lama degin wakhtigaas). Long Island waxay heshay xoogaa dareen ah sababtoo ah doorka ay ku leedahay dhacdooyinka wadista waqtiyada muhiimka ah, laakiin ma jirto daraasad gaar ah ilaa hadda. Staten Island iyo Ulster waxay ku sii jireen dhinaca cilmi baarista Waa dhif in lagu xusoMaamulka Sareeye Guuto Jacob Leisler (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2002), 349 (ku dhawaaqida Hurley). Tani waxay dib u daabacdaa tarjumaad hore oo caddayn ah, laakiin kuma jiraan taariikhda; eeg Edmund B. O'Callaghan, ed., Documentary History of State of New York, 4 vols. (Albany, NY.: Weed, Parsons, 1848–53), 2:46 (kadib waxaa loo daliishaday sida DHNY).

11.ï¿½ Edward T. Corwin, ed., Diiwaanada Wadaadka ee Gobolka Cusub York, 7 vols. (Albany, N.Y.: James B. Lyon, 1901–16), 2:986 (kadib waxa loo daliishaday ER).

12.ï¿½ Christoph, ed. Warqadaha Leisler, 87, waxay dib u daabacday DHNY 2:230.

13.ï¿½ Philip L. White, Beekmans of New York ee Siyaasadda iyo Ganacsiga, 1647-1877 (New York: New York Historical Society) , 1956), 77.

14.ï¿½ Alphonso T. Clearwater, ed., Taariikhda Ulster County, New York (Kingston, NY.: W.J. Van Duren, 1907), 64, 81. Dhaarta daacadnimada ee lagu dhaariyay Sebtembar 1, 1689, ayaa dib loogu daabacay Nathaniel Bartlett Sylvester, History of Ulster County, New York (Philadelphia, Pa.: Everts and Peck, 1880), 69-70.

15 ... -Rodda, ed., Dingman Versteeg, trans., Kingston Papers (1661-1675), 2 vols. (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976); "Turjumidda Diiwaanada Nederlandka," trans. Dingman Versteeg, 3vols., Xafiiska Karraaniga Degmada Ulster (kan waxaa ku jira xisaabaadka adeegayaasha ee 1680-meeyadii, 1690-meeyadii, iyo qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad iyo sidoo kale dukumeentiyo dhowr ah oo la xiriira kaniisadda Lutheran ee Lunenburg). Eeg sidoo kale doodda ugu wanaagsan ee ilaha aasaasiga ah ee Marc B. Fried, Taariikhda Hore ee Kingston iyo Ulster County, NY (Kingston, NY: Ulster County Historical Society, 1975), 184–94.

> ¿½ Brink, Jannada Duulaanka ah; Shilay, Taariikhda Hore ee Kingston.

18.ï¿½ Kingston Trustees Records, 1688–1816, 8 vols., Xafiiska Karraaniga Degmada Ulster, Kingston, N.Y., 1:115–16, 119.

19.ï¿½ Shiilan, Taariikhdii Hore ee Kingston, 16–25. Degmada Ulster waxaa la sameeyay 1683 iyada oo qayb ka ah nidaamka degmada cusub ee dhammaan New York. Sida Albany iyo York, waxay ka tarjumaysay ciwaanka mulkiilaha Ingiriisida ee gumaystaha, James, Duke of York iyo Albany iyo Earl of Ulster.

20.ï¿½ Philip Schuyler wuxuu helay guri iyo bakhaar u dhexeeya kuwii Henry. Beekman iyo Hellegont van Slichtenhorst bishii Janaayo 1689. Wuxuu ka dhaxlay guri badan Arnoldus van Dyck, kaas oo dardaarankiisa uu ahaa fulinta, Febraayo 1689, Kingston Trustees Records, 1688-1816, 1: 42-43, 103.

21.ï¿½ Diiwaanada Mas'uuliyiinta Kingston, 1688–1816, 1:105; Clearwater. : Brill, 2005),152–62; Andrew W. Brink, "Hamiga Roeloff Swartout, Schout of Esopus," De Haelve Maen 67 (1994): 50-61; Brink, Jannada soo duulay, 57–71; Fried, Taariikhda Hore ee Kingston, 43–54.

>23 0>24.ï¿½ Sung Bok Kim, Mulkiilaha iyo Kiraystaha Gumaysiga New York: Manorial Society, 1664-1775 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978), 15. Foxhall, oo la dhisay 1672, kuma biirin darajooyinka guryaha waaweyn ee New York. Chambers ma lahayn farac toos ah. Waxa uu guursaday qoys Nederlaan ah, kaas oo aakhirkii lumiyay xiisihii uu u qabay ilaalinta guriga iyo magaca Chambers. Sannadihii 1750-aadkii caruurtii uu awoowe u ahaa ee Nederlandka ayaa jebiyey xayndaabka, qaybiyay hantida, waxayna tuureen magaciisa, Schoonmaker, History of Kingston, 492-93, iyo Fried, Early History of Kingston, 141-45.

25 .ï¿½ Cunsurka Nederlaanku waxa uu ka adkaaday Mombaccus, oo asal ahaan ah weedh Nederlaan ah, Marc B. Fried, Shawangunk Magacyada Goobta: Hindi, Nederland iyo Ingiriis Magacyada Juqraafiga ee Gobolka Buuraha Shawangunk: Asalkooda, Fasiraadooda iyo Horumarka Taariikhiga ah (Gardiner, N.Y., 2005), 75–78. Ralph Lefevre, Taariikhda New Paltz, New York iyo Qoysaskeedii Hore laga bilaabo 1678 ilaa 1820 Shiilan, isgaarsiin shaqsiyeed iyo ShawngunkMagacyada Goobta, 69-74, 96. Rosendael (Rose Valley) waxay kicisaa magacyada magaalo ku taal Dutch Brabant, tuulo ku taal Belgian Brabant, tuulo ku taal qalcadda Gelderland, iyo tuulo u dhow Dunkirk. Laakiin Fried wuxuu xusay in Rutsen uu u magacaabay hanti kale Bluemerdale (Flower Valley), wuxuuna soo jeedinayaa inuusan aagga u magacaabin tuulada Low Countries laakiin wuxuu ahaa "wax ka mid ah anthophile," 71. Saugerties wuxuu lahaa hal ama laba degeyaal 1689. ma noqon doonto degitaan sax ah ilaa socdaalka Palatine ee 1710, Benjamin Meyer Brink, Taariikhda Hore ee Saugerties, 1660-1825 (Kingston, NY: R. W. Anderson iyo Son, 1902), 14-26.

27 1703 waxaa jiray 383 nin oo maleeshiyo ah. Qiyaasta dadkayga waxa laga saaray tirakoobkii 1703, markaasoo Kingston lahaa 713 xor ah iyo 91 qof oo la addoonsaday; Hurley, 148 xor ah iyo 26 addoon ah; Marbletown, 206 xor ah iyo 21 la addoonsaday; Rochester (Mombaccus), 316 xor ah iyo 18 addoon ah; New Paltz (Pals), 121 xor ah iyo 9 la addoonsaday, DHNY 3:966. Marka laga reebo dadka Afrikaanka ah ee la addoonsado, waxaa aad u yaraa soo-galootiga Ulster sannadihii 1690-meeyadii, sidaa awgeed dhammaan tirada dadka oo dhan waxay ahaan lahayd mid dabiici ah.

28.ï¿½ Gobolka Kaniisadda ee Gobolka ee New York, oo lagu sameeyay amarka Lord Cornbury, 1704, Box 6, Blathwayt Papers, Maktabadda Huntington, San Marino, Ca.

29.ï¿½ Lefevre, Taariikhda New Paltz, 44–48, 59 -60; Paula WheelerCarlo, Qaxoontiga Huguenot ee Gumaysiga New York: Ku Noqoshada Ameerikaanka Dooxada Hudson (Brighton, U.K.: Sussex Academic Press, 2005), 174–75.

30.ï¿½ DHNY 3:966.

31.ï¿½ Qoraallada Gumeysiga New York, New York State Archives, Albany, 33:160-70 (kadib waxaa loo daliishaday NYCM). Dongan waxa uu Thomas Chambers ka dhigay faras iyo lugo weyn, isaga oo xoojinaya siyaasaddii Ingiriisida ee muddada dheer ahayd in sawirkan Anglo-Dutch laga dhigo madaxa bulshada Ulster. Henry Beekman, oo ku noolaa Esopus ilaa 1664 oo ahaa curadka sarkaalka New Netherland William Beekman, ayaa laga dhigay kabtanka shirkadda fardaha. Wessel ten Broeck waxa uu ahaa ku-xigeen, Daniel Brodhod oo xadhkaha goostay, iyo Anthony Addison oo ahaa maamulihiisii. Shirkadaha cagaha, Matthias Mathys waxaa laga dhigay kabtanka sare ee Kingston iyo New Paltz. Walloon Abraham Hasbrouck wuxuu ahaa ku-xigeen, inkastoo uu sidoo kale lahaa darajada kabtanka, iyo Jacob Rutgers oo calaamad u ah. Tuulooyinka ka baxsan ee Hurley, Marbletown, iyo Mombaccus ayaa la isku daray oo laga dhigay shirkad hal lug ah, oo ay u badnaayeen Ingiriis: Thomas Gorton (Garton) wuxuu ahaa kabtanka, John Biggs lieutenant, iyo Charles Brodhod, oo ah ina kabtankii hore ee ciidamada Ingiriiska, calaamadeeyay.<1

32.ï¿½ NYCM 36:142; Christoph, ed., Warqadaha Leisler, 142–43, 345–48. Thomas Chambers ayaa weli ah kan weyn iyo Matthys Mathys kabtanka, in kasta oo hadda oo kaliya uu yahay shirkadda cagta ee Kingston. Abraham Hasbrouck ayaa loo dalacsiiyay kabtankaShirkadda New Paltz. Johannes de Hooges wuxuu noqday kabtanka shirkadda Hurley iyo Thomas Teunisse kabtanka degdegga ah ee Marbletown. Anthony Addison ayaa loo dalacsiiyay kabtanka. Waxa lagu qiimeeyay xirfadihiisa laba-luqadlaha ah, oo laga dhigay "golaha iyo tarjumaada" ee maxkamadda Ulster ee oyer iyo terminer.

33.ï¿½ NYCM 36:142; Christoph, ed. Warqadaha Leisler, 142–43, 342–45. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa William de la Montagne oo ah sheriff degmada, Nicholas Anthony oo ah karraaniga maxkamadda, Henry Beekman, William Haynes, iyo Jacob bbbbrtsen (oo lagu xusay "nin go'an" oo ku jira hal Liis Leislerian) sida garsoorayaasha nabadda Kingston. Roeloff Swartwout wuxuu ahaa ururiyaha alaabta iyo sidoo kale JP ee Hurley. Gysbert Crom waxa uu ahaa Marbletown’s JP, maadaama Abraham Hasbrouck uu u ahaa New Paltz Toban sano ka dib, markii kaniisadda Albany ay la kulantay muran ku saabsan wasiirkeeda Anti-Leislerian Godfridus Dellius, waqti ay Leislerians mar kale awood ku lahaayeen dawladdii gumeysiga, Kingston's Anti-Leislerians ayaa u istaagay difaaciisa, ER 2: 1310- 11.

35.ï¿½ Schuyler kaliya waxa ay u muuqataa in uu xafiiska hayay ilaa hal sano, isaga oo ka tagay Beekman kaligii ka dib 1692, Kingston Trustees Records, 1688-1816, 1:122. Beekman iyo Schuyler waxay ku qoran yihiin JP-yo dukumeenti la guuriyay Janaayo 1691/2. Laakiin ka dib 1692 ma jirto calaamad kale oo Philip Schuyler. Ilaa 1693, kaliya Beekman ayaa u saxiixaya JP.Schoonmaker, Taariikhda Kingston, 95–110. Sidoo kale eeg White, The Beekmans of New York, 73–121 ee Henry iyo 122–58 ee Gerardus.

36.ï¿½ In kasta oo xukunkii dilka ahaa uu sii socday muddo toban sano ah, Swartwout waxa uu si nabad ah ugu dhintay 1715. Christoph, ed., Leisler Papers, 86–87, 333, 344, 352, 392–95, 470, 532. On Swartwout's xirfadiisa wax ka yar-yar ka dib-guulaysiga, eeg Brink, Invading Paradise, 69-74. Wax yar ka hor inta uusan Roeloff dhiman, isaga iyo wiilkiisa Barnardus waxaa lagu qoray liiska canshuurta Hurley ee 1715, Roeloff qiimihiisu yahay 150 rodol, Barnardus ee 30, Magaalada Hurley, Qiimaynta Canshuuraha, 1715, Nash Collection, Hurley NY, Kala duwan, 1686-17 , Box 2, New-York Historical Society.

37.ï¿½ Christoph, ed. Warqadaha Leisler, 349, 532. Si aad u hesho caddaymo kale oo ku saabsan ku lug lahaanshaha Swartwout ee dawladda Leislerian, fiiri Brink, Invading Paradise, 75-76.

38.ï¿½ Brink, Invading Paradise, 182.

39.ï¿½ Lefevre, Taariikhda New Paltz, 456.

40.ï¿½ DRCHNY 3:692-98. Hadafka Livingston, eeg Leder, Robert Livingston, 65–76.

41.ï¿½ Christoph, ed., Leisler Papers, 458, wuxuu haystaa Noofambar 16, 1690, guddiga Chambers si kor loogu qaado ragga Ulster adeegga Albany.

42.ï¿½ Brink, Jannada soo duulay, 173–74.

43.ï¿½ NYCM 33:160; 36:142; Lefevre, Taariikhda New Paltz, 368-69; Schoonmaker, Taariikhda Kingston, 95-110.

44.ï¿½ Farqiga u dhexeeya Walloons iyo Huguenots,eeg Bertrand van Ruymbeke, " Walloon iyo Huguenot Elements ee New Netherland iyo Toddoba iyo tobnaad ee New York: Aqoonsiga, Taariikhda, iyo Xusuusta," ee Joyce D. Goodfriend, ed., Dib u booqashadii New Netherland: Aragtida Ameerika hore ee Nederland (Leiden, Nederlaan: Brill, 2005), 41–54.

45.ï¿½ David William Voorhees, "'Dareenkii Firfircoonaa' ee Yacquub Leisler," William iyo Mary Quarterly, Seerkii 3aad., 51:3 (1994): 451-54, 465, iyo David William Voorhees, "'Maqalka… Waa maxay Guusha Wayn ee Dragonnades ee Faransiisku haysteen': Jacob Leisler's Huguenot Connections," De Haelve Maen 67: 1 (1994): 15-20.

46.ï¿½ " Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, 1689," Frederick Ashton de Peyster mss., Box 2 #8, New-York Historical Society (oo hadda ka dib loo tixraacay Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch). Sannadkii 1922-kii Dingman Versteeg waxa uu ururiyay tarjumaad qoraal ah oo qoraal ah oo xarfaha hadda la socda qoraal-gacmeedyadii asalka ahaa (oo hadda ka dib loo tixraacay Versteeg, trans.)

47.ï¿½ Jon Butler The Huguenots ee Ameerika: Dadka Qaxoontiga ah ee Bulshada Adduunka Cusub (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983), 65, ayaa siinaya kiiska dareenka ugu badan ee taariikhyahan kasta ilaa hadda: cutubka.

Sidoo kale eeg: Hubka Viking: Laga soo bilaabo Qalabka Beeraha ilaa Hubka Dagaalka

48.ï¿½ Butler, Huguenots, 64 -65, iyo Bertrand van Ruymbeke, Laga soo bilaabo Baabuloon Cusub ilaa Eden: Huguenots iyo U guuritaankooda Colonial South Carolina (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2006), 117.

> 49.ï¿½ Butler,Huguenots, 64.

50.ï¿½Diiwaanka Kaniisadda Nederlandka ee Reformed ee New Paltz, New York, trans. Dingman Versteeg (New York: Holland Society of New York, 1896), 1–2; Lefevre, Taariikhda New Paltz, 37–43. Daillé, eeg Butler, Huguenots, 45–46, 78–79.

51.ï¿½ Wuxuu ka shaqaynayay halkaas Sebtembar 20, markii Selijns uu sheegay isaga, ER 2:935, 645, 947–48 .

52.ï¿½ Wessel ten Broeck marqaati, Oktoobar 18, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 71.

53.ï¿½ Wuxuu la noolaa Beekmans sanadkii 1689; eeg maragga Johannes Wynkoop, Benjamin Provoost, Oktoobar 17, 1689, Warqadaha ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 60–61.

54.ï¿½ “Diiwaanka Kaniisadda Albany,” Buugga Sannadka ee Bulshada Holland New York, 1904 (New York, 1904), 22.

55.ï¿½ shiilan, Taariikhda hore ee Kingston, 47, 122–23.

56.ï¿½ sharraxaadda nolosha diinta ee bulsho yar oo miyi ah oo aan si joogto ah u helin wasiirka, taas oo ka dhigaysa qodobka muhiimka ah in maqnaanshaha wasiirku aanu muujinayn maqnaanshaha cibaadada, fiiri Firth Haring Fabend, Qoyska Nederland ee Gumeysiga Dhexe, 1660- 1800 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1991), 133-64.

57.ï¿½ Kingston Consistory to Selijns iyo Varick, gu'gii 1690, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 79.

58.ï¿½ Sheekada Van Gaasbeecks waxa lagu raaci karaa ER 1:696–99, 707–08, 711. Nuqullada casriga ah eeCodsiyada Andros iyo Classis waxay ku yaalaan Edmund Andros, kala duwan. mss., New-York Historical Society. Carmalka Laurentius, Laurentina Kellenaer, waxay guursatay Thomas Chambers 1681. Wiilkiisa Abraham, oo uu qaatay Chambers Abraham Gaasbeeck Chambers, wuxuu galay siyaasadda gumeysiga horaantii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, Schoonmaker, History of Kingston, 492-93.

59 .ï¿½ On Weeksteen, eeg ER 2:747–50, 764–68, 784, 789, 935, 1005 " trans. Dingman Versteeg, 3 vols., Xafiiska Karaaniga Degmada Ulster, 1:316. Xaaskiisa, Sarah Kellenaer, waxay dib u guursatay Maarso 1689, Roswell Randall Hoes, ed., Diiwaangelinta Baabtiisku iyo Guurka Kaniisadda Hore ee Nederlandka ee Kingston, Ulster County, New York (New York: 1891), Qaybta 2 Guurka, 509, 510.

60 " ayaa aad u ammaanay Van den Bosch ka hor "dhibaatooyinkii Esopus ka dhacay," Varick ilaa Vandenbosch, Agoosto 16, 1689, Warqadaha ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 21.

62.ï¿½ Kulanka Wadaadka lagu qabtay Kingston, Oktoobar 14, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 49; Selijns ilaa Hurley, Diseembar 24, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans.,Ilaha casriga ah sidaas darteedna ay ka heleen dareen yar oo taariikhyahanadu u soo jiiteen gees ka wanaagsan oo diiwaangashan oo ka sii muhiimsan ee gumeysiga.[7] Caddaymo caddaymo ah ayaa u jira ku lug lahaanshaha Ulster, laakiin waxay u muuqdaan inay noqdaan kuwo taagan -liiska magacyada - ama aan caddayn - tixraacyo aan caddayn dhibaatada. Ma jiraan ilo sheeko-xariir ah oo siinaya taariikhda dhacdooyinka maxalliga ah. Maqan waraaqaha, warbixinnada, markhaatifurka maxkamadda, iyo ilo kale oo caynkaas ah oo naga caawiya inaan sheeko u sheegno. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xogo ku filan ayaa jira si loo ururiyo sawirka wixii dhacay.

Gobolka beeralayda oo ay aad ugu yar yihiin Ingiriisi ama hantiilayaal hantiilayaal ah, Degmada Ulster ee 1689 waxay u muuqatay inay leedahay dhammaan walxaha dadka Leislerian taageersan. Ulster wuxuu diray laba nin oo Nederlaan ah, Roeloff Swartwout oo Hurley ah iyo Johannes Hardenbroeck (Hardenbergh) ee Kingston, si ay ugu adeegaan guddiga badbaadada ee la wareegay ka dib bixitaankii Nicholson oo magacaabay taliyaha guud ee Leisler.[8] Caddaymo dheeraad ah ayaa ka marag kacaya ka qaybgalka maxalli ah ee sababta Leislerian. Tusaale ahaan, Diisambar 12, 1689, dadka guriga deggan Hurley waxay naftooda u ballan qaadeen "jidhka iyo nafta" Boqor William iyo Boqorad Maryan "si ay ugu faa'iideystaan dalkeenna iyo horumarinta diinta Protestant." Tani waxay tusinaysaa in Leislerian-ka maxalliga ahi ay la wadaageen fahamka Leisler ee sababtooda sida "iyaga oo ka wakiil ah diinta Protestants ee runta ah."[9] Liiska magacyadu waa78.

63.ï¿½Diiwaanka Kaniisadda Nederlandka ee Dib loo Habeeyay ee New Paltz, New York, trans. Dingman Versteeg (New York: Holland Society of New York, 1896), 1–2; Lefevre, Taariikhda New Paltz, 37-43.

64.ï¿½ Daillé wuxuu sameeyay booqashooyin marmar ah laakiin kuma noolayn halkaas. 1696 wuxuu u guuri lahaa Boston. Eeg Butler, Huguenots, 45–46, 78–79.

65.ï¿½ Wessel ten Broeck marag-furka, Oktoobar 18, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 70. Lysnaar waa higgaad caadi ah. ee Leisler ee dukumentiyada gumeysiga, David Voorhees, isgaarsiinta shakhsi ahaaneed, Sebtembar 2, 2004.

66.ï¿½ Kulan Wadaadeedka oo lagu qabtay Kingston, Oktoobar 14, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 51- 52.

67.ï¿½ Kulan Wadaad ah oo lagu qabtay Kingston, Oktoobar 15, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 53–54.

68.ï¿½ Kulanka Wadaadka lagu qabtay Kingston, Oktoobar 15, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 68–69.

69.ï¿½ Varick to Vandenbosch, Agoosto 16, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans. , 21.

70.ï¿½ Deposition of Grietje, xaaskii Willem Schut, Abriil 9, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 66-67; Marya ten Broeck marqaati, Oktoobar 14, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 51; Marqaatiga Lysebit Vernooy, Diseembar 11, 1688, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans.,65.

71.ï¿½ Bishii Juun Van den Bosch wuxuu tixraacay "jahawareerka kaas oo sagaal bilood ka kiciyey shirkayada" oo ka tagay dadka "adeegga la'aan," Laurentius Van den Bosch ilaa Selijns Juun 21 , 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 5–6. Baabtiisyada iyo aroosyada, eeg Hoes, ed., Diiwaangelinta Baabtiisnimada iyo Guurka, Qaybta 1 Baabtiisyada, 28-35, iyo Qaybta 2 Guurka, 509.

72.ï¿½ DRCHNY 3:592. <1 73 Juun 21, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 5.

75.ï¿½ Laurentius Van den Bosch ilaa Selijns, Luulyo 15, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 3– 4; Wilhelmus De Meyer ilaa Selijns, Luulyo 16, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 1.

76.ï¿½ Kulan Wadaadeedka oo lagu qabtay Kingston, Oktoobar 14, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 50; Laurentius Van den Bosch ilaa Selijns, Oktoobar 21, 1689, Waraaqo ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 38.

77.ï¿½ Pieter Bogardus, oo De Meyer ku eedeeyay faafinta xanta, ka dib beeniyey, Selijns to Varick, Oktoobar 26, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 37. Kaniisadaha New York ayaa canaantay kaniisadaha "Upland" si ay u ammaanaan De Meyer'sku tiirsanaanta "hearsay," Selijns, Marius, Schuyler iyo Varick ilaa Kaniisadaha n. Albany iyo Schenectade, Noofambar 5, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 43–44.

78.ï¿½ Laurentius Van den Bosch ilaa Selijns, Agoosto 6, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 7–17; Ka kooban ee New York iyo Midwout jawaab Van den Bosch, August 14 & amp; 18, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 18–18f.

79.ï¿½ Laurentius Van den Bosch ilaa Selijns, Agoosto 6, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 7 -17; Ka kooban ee New York iyo Midwout jawaab Van den Bosch, August 14 & amp; 18, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 18–18f.

80.ï¿½ Laurentius Van den Bosch ilaa Selijns, Agoosto 6, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 7 -17.

81.ï¿½ Laurentius Van den Bosch ilaa Selijns, Agoosto 6, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 9, 12, 14.

>82.ï ¿½ Waxa uu sameeyay, oo ay weheliyaan Ulsterites kale oo badan, labadaba taageere iyo anti-Leisler, waxay dhaarteen daacadnimada Sebtembar 1, 1689, DHNY 1: 279-82.

83.ï¿½ DRCHNY 3 : 620.

84.ï¿½ Varick ku socda Vandenbosch, Agoosto 16, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 19–24.

> 85.ï¿½ Vandenbosch ilaa Varick , Sebtembar 23, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 25.

86.ï¿½ Varick dambeWaxa uu u sharaxay Kingston's ka kooban in Van den Bosch uu qoray warqad "kaas oo uu si ku filan u diiday kulankayagii, si aanu u qiimaynay in imaatinkayagu uu si weyn u nacsiinayo shirkayada, oo aanu haba yaraatee ka faa'iidaysan kaaga,"Varick u Kingston Consistory, Noofambar 30, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 46–47.

87.ï¿½ Kulan Wadaadeedka oo lagu qabtay Kingston, Oktoobar 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 49 –73; Dellius iyo Tesschenmaeker ilaa Selijns, 1690, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 32–34.

88.ï¿½ ER 2:1005.

>89.ï¿½ Fiiri waraaqaha waraaqaha ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 36–44.

90.ï¿½ DRCHNY 3:647.

91.ï¿½ De la Montagne ilaa Selijns, Disembar 12 , 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 76.

92.ï¿½ Selijns ku socota "Mudanayaal caqli iyo caqli leh oo ka tirsan Commissaries iyo Constables at Hurley," December 24, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch , Versteeg trans., 77–78; Selijns & amp; Jacob de Key odayaashii Kingston, Juun 26, 1690, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 81–82; Kingston’s ka kooban yahay Selijns, Agoosto 30, 1690, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 83–84; Selyns iyo ka kooban yahay Kingston, Oktoobar 29, 1690, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 85–86.

> 93.ï¿½ De laMontagne waxa uu ahaa voorleser, ama akhristaha, 1660naadkii oo waxa uu u muuqdaa in uu hawshan sii waday ilaa 1680kii, Brink, Invading Paradise, 179.

94.ï¿½ Kingston odayaashii ilaa Selijns, gu'(? ) 1690, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 79–80. Sidoo kale eeg Selijns iyo New York Consistory to Kingston Consistory, Oktoobar 29, 1690, kaas oo ku boorrinaya Kingston "inay ku waaniyaan kaniisadaha deriska ah ee Hurly iyo Morly inaysan isku aqoonsan xumaantan," Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 85.

95 on March 8, 1689, iyadoo barakada Van den Bosch ee, Hoes, ed., Baabtiis iyo Diiwaangelinta guurka, Part 2 Guurka, 510. Caddayn dheeraad ah oo iyada xidhiidh la leh bulshada Walloon waa in, markii ay siisay marag ku saabsan dhaqanka Van den Bosch ee Diseembar 11, 1688, waxay ku dhaaratay Abraham Hasbrouck hortiisa, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 65.

97.ï¿½ NYCM 23:357 wuxuu qorayaa codsigii Joosten ee ahaa inuu deggo Marbletown 1674. Intaa ka dib ayuu Markhaatiyaal tiro baabtiis ah oo ku lug leh Rebecca, Sarah, iyo Jacob Du Bois, oo ay weheliyaan Gysbert Crom (cadaalad Leisler ee Marbletown) iyo kuwa kale, Hoes, ed., Baabtiisku iyo Diiwaangelinta Guurka, Qaybta 1 Baabtiisyada, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16, 19, 20. Waayo, Crom'skomishanka — hore uma uu haysan — eeg NYCM 36:142.

98ï¿½Van den Bosch ilaa Selijns, Agoosto 6, 1689, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 7. Arie wuxuu ahaa wiilkii Aldert Heymanszen Roosa, oo qoyskiisa ka keenay Gelderland 1660-kii, Brink, Invading Paradise, 141, 149.

99ï¿½”Benjamin Provoost, oo ah mid ka mid ah odayadayada, oo hadda ah mid cusub. York, waxa ay awood u yeelan doontaa in ay ku wargeliso Baadarigaaga hadal ahaan arrimahayada iyo xaaladdayada,”Van den Bosch ilaa Selijns, June 21, 1689, Warqadaha ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 5.

100ï¿½Randall Balmer , oo aan sheegin Van den Bosch, wuxuu bixiyaa dulmar guud oo ka mid ah qaybaha, isaga oo u aaneynaya khilaafka Leislerian, Babel Perfect of Confusion: Diinta Dutch iyo Dhaqanka Ingiriisiga ee Gumeysiga Dhexe (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989) , passim.

101ï¿½Odayaashii Kingston ee Selijns, gu'ga (?) 1690, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 79-80; Kingston oo ka kooban Selijns, Agoosto 30, 1690, Warqado ku saabsan Dominie Vandenbosch, Versteeg trans., 83–84; ER 2:1005–06.

>102ï¿½ER 2:1007 ” 3:316–17; ER 2:1005–06, 1043. >105.ï¿½ Ma jiro diiwaan guur oo loogu talagalay Cornelia iyo Johannes oo lagu xafiday Kingston ama Albany midkood. Laakiin March 28, 1697, waxay ku baabtiisay gabadh, Christina, Kingston. Way tagi lahaayeensi ay u dhalaan ugu yaraan saddex carruur ah oo kale. Cornelia waxay ahayd naagtii labaad ee Johannes. Waxa uu guursaday Judith Bloodgood (ama Bloetgatt) bishii Luulyo 1687. Judith waxay dhimatay wakhti ka dib markii ay dhashay ilmaheedii labaad 1693. Hoes, ed., Baabtiisku iyo Diiwaangelinta Guurka, Qaybta 1 Baabtiisku, 31, 40, 49, 54, 61, 106. Johannes Wynkoop waxaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay bir-tume, Oktoobar 1692, markii uu iibsaday qaar ka mid ah hanti u dhow Wessel ten Broeck's land, Kingston Trustees Records, 1688-1816, 1:148. >148. >106.ï¿½ Schoonmaker, History of Kingston, 95–110, ee Ulster's Pro- iyo ka-hortagga Leislerian. Jan Fokke wuxuu goob joog u ahaa baabtiiskii wiilkii Yacquub Rutgers (Rutsen) ee Yacquub bishii Noofambar 1693, Hoes, ed., Diiwaangelinta Baabtiisnimada iyo Guurka, Qaybta 1 Baabtiisyada, 40.

107.ï¿½ ER 2:1259.

108 109.ï¿½ Balmer, Babel of wareer, 84–85, 97–98, 102.

Waxaa qoray Evan Haefeli

Inta badan Dutch oo leh dhowr Walloon ah oo aan Ingiriisi lahayn.[10]

Haddana wax yar oo aan ognahay ayaa muujinaya in Ulster la qaybsaday. Aragtidaani waxay asal ahaan ka timid laba odhaah oo kacaanku yidhi. Kan kowaad wuxuu ka yimid Jacob Leisler laftiisa. Bishii Janaayo 7, 1690, warbixin u dir Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury, Leisler iyo golihiisa waxay xuseen "Albany iyo qayb ka mid ah Gobolka Ulster ayaa si weyn noo hor istaagay."[11] Midka kale wuxuu ka yimid Roeloff Swartwout. Ka dib markii Jacob Milborne la wareegay xukunka Albany bishii Abriil 1690, Swartwout ayaa u qoray si uu u sharaxo sababta Ulster uusan wali wakiilo ugu soo dirin golaha. Waxa uu sugayay in uu qabto doorashada ilaa Milborne uu yimid sababtoo ah "waxa uu ka baqay tartan." Waxa uu qirtay, "Waxay ahayd inay noqoto doorasho xor ah oo dhammaan fasallada ah, laakiin waan necbahay inaan u oggolaado kuwa codeeya ama loo codeeyo kuwa ilaa maantadan diiday inay dhaartaan [daacadnimadooda], waaba intaasoo khamiir la'aan ah. mar kale waxay wasakheeyaan waxa macaan, ama madax-madaxyadayada, kuwaas oo laga yaabo inay dhacaan." Daraasad diiradda lagu saaray Kingston waxay xustay in magaalada, "sida Albany, waxay isku dayday inay ka fogaato dhaqdhaqaaqa Leislerian waxayna ku guulaysatay si caddaalad ah." soo afjaridda "qaabka dawladnimo ee aan sharciga ahayn" ee hoos timaada James oo arkaydoorashada "Golaha wakiillada ugu horreeya ee gobolka," kuwaas oo soo qaaday arrinta "" canshuur la'aan wakiil la'aan "" boqol sano ka hor "Kacaanka" wuxuu ka dhigay tiirka xorriyadda Mareykanka.[14]

0>Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ulster ma lahayn khilaaf furan. Si ka duwan dhowr degmo oo kale, halkaas oo ay ka jireen xiisado iyo iska horimaadyo rabshado wata, Ulster wuu degganaa. Ama waxay u muuqataa. La'aanta ilaha ayaa aad u adkeynaya in si sax ah loo ogaado waxa ka dhacayay Degmada Ulster 1689-91. Waxay u muuqataa doorka taageerada badan ee ficilka Albany gaar ahaan, u diraysa rag iyo sahay difaaceeda. Waxa kale oo ay lahayd meel yar oo difaac ah oo ku taal Webiga Hudson kaas oo ay maalgelisay dawladda Leislerian.[15]

La'aanta walxaha ku saabsan xidhiidhka Degmada Ulster ee fallaagada Leisler waa mid cajiib ah tan iyo horraantii qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad ee Ulster Degmada si cajiib ah ayaa loo diiwaangeliyay. Marka laga reebo waraaqaha rasmiga ah, waxaa jira diiwaannada maxkamadda maxalliga ah iyo kaniisadaha laga bilaabo 1660-61 oo sii socday ilaa horraantii 1680-meeyadii.[16] Kadibna ilaha maxalliga ah ayaa soo baxay oo dib uma soo laaban si joogto ah ilaa 1690-meeyadii dambe. Gaar ahaan, 1689-91 waa farqiga muuqda ee diiwaanka. Hantida agabka deegaanka ayaa u sahlay taariikhyahanadu in ay sawir firfircoon ka sameeyaan bulshada muranku ka taagan yahay—wax caddaynaya caddaynta 1689–91oo dhan aan caadi ahayn.[17]

Hal il maxalli ah ayaa dukuminaysa wax ka mid ah saamaynta kacaanka: diiwaannada Kingston Trustees'. Waxay ka socdeen 1688 ilaa 1816 waxayna u adeegaan marqaati u ah daacadnimada siyaasadeed iyo sidoo kale ganacsiga magaalada. Diiwaanada ayaa ka tarjumaya heshiis wanaagsan oo dhaq-dhaqaaq dhaqaale ilaa March 4, 1689, dhowr maalmood ka dib markii uu soo baxay duulaankii William ee England uu gaaray Manhattan. Ilaa markaas waxay si daacad ah u tixraaceen James II inuu yahay boqorka. Macaamilka soo socda, bisha Maajo, ka dib kacdoonkii Massachusetts laakiin ka hor New York, wuxuu qaadaa tillaabada aan caadiga ahayn ee aan la sheegin boqor gabi ahaanba. Tixraaca ugu horreeya ee William iyo Mary wuxuu yimid Oktoobar 10, 1689, "sanadkii ugu horreeyay ee boqornimadiisa." Waxba lama diiwaan gelin 1690. Dukumeentiga xiga wuxuu soo baxay May 1691, wakhtigaas oo kacaanku dhammaaday. Waa wax kala iibsiga kaliya ee sanadka. Ganacsigu waxa uu dib u bilaabmay kaliya Janaayo 1692.[18] Wax kasta oo dhacay 1689-91, waxay ka xumaadeen socodka caadiga ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa

> Mapping Ulster's Factions

Dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyo asalka isku dhafan ee degmada ayaa muhiim u ah in la mahadiyo wixii dhacay. Degmada Ulster waxay ahayd meel aad u dhow (1683) magacaabista gobolka, oo hore loogu yiqiin Esopus. Si toos ah Yurub loogama gumaysan, balse waa Albany (oo markaas loo yaqaanay Beverwyck). Deganayaashu waxay u guureen Esopus sababtoo ah dhulka mayl-mayl ku wareegsan Beverwyck waxa iska lahaa ilaalinta Rensselaerswyck iyo

James Miller

James Miller waa taariikhyahan iyo qoraa la ammaano oo aad u xiiseeya sahminta cajaladaha baaxadda leh ee taariikhda aadanaha. Isaga oo shahaadada taariikhda ka qaatay jaamacad caan ah, James waxa uu inta badan xirfaddiisa ku qaatay in uu u tafa-xayto taariikhdii hore, isaga oo si xamaasad leh u daaha ka qaaday sheekooyinka qaabeeyey adduunkeenna.Xiistiisa aan la dhayalsan karin iyo qaddarinta qoto dheer ee dhaqamada kala duwan ayaa u qaaday meelo aan la tirin karin oo qadiimiga ah, burburka qadiimiga ah, iyo maktabadaha adduunka oo dhan. Isku-dubbaridka cilmi-baarista xeeldheer iyo qaab-qoraal soo jiidasho leh, James wuxuu leeyahay awood gaar ah oo uu ku qaado akhristayaasha illaa waqtiga.Blog-ga James, The History of the World, waxa uu soo bandhigaa khibradiisa mawduucyo kala duwan, laga soo bilaabo sheekooyinka waaweyn ee ilbaxnimooyinka iyo sheekooyinka aan la sheegin ee shakhsiyaadka raadkooda ku reebay taariikhda. Blog-kiisu waxa uu u adeegaa sidii xudun u noqon lahayd dadka xiiseeya taariikhda, halkaas oo ay ku dhex milmi karaan xisaabaadka xiisaha leh ee dagaallada, kacdoonnada, daahfurka sayniska, iyo kacdoonnada dhaqameed.Marka laga soo tago balooggiisa, James wuxuu sidoo kale qoray buugaag dhowr ah oo la ammaanay, oo ay ku jiraan Laga soo bilaabo Ilbaxyada ilaa Boqortooyada: Daah-furka Kor u kaca iyo Dhicista Awoodihii Hore iyo Geesiyaasha Aan La Helin: Shakhsiyaadka La Ilaaway ee beddelay Taariikhda. Isagoo leh qaab qoraal oo la heli karo oo la heli karo, wuxuu si guul leh u keenay taariikhda nolosha akhristayaasha asal iyo da 'kasta.Jacaylka James ee taariikhda wuu dhaafsiisan yahay qoraalkaeray. Wuxuu si joogto ah uga qaybqaataa shirarka tacliinta, halkaas oo uu la wadaago cilmi-baaristiisa oo uu la galo doodo fikir-kicin leh oo uu la yeesho taariikhyahannada saaxiibada ah. Aqoonsiga khibradiisa, James ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay inuu yahay ku-hawlgale marti ah oo ku saabsan podcasts iyo bandhigyada raadiyaha, oo sii faafinaya jacaylkiisa mawduuca.Marka aanu ku dhex milmin baadhitaannadiisa taariikhiga ah, James waxa laga heli karaa sahaminta meelo farshaxan, socod ku dhex mara muuqaalo qurxoon, ama ku raaxaysiga cunto kariska geesaha kala duwan ee caalamka. Waxa uu si adag u aaminsan yahay in fahamka taariikhda adduunkeenu ay hodminayso wakhtigan xaadirka ah, wuxuuna ku dadaalaa inuu ku huriyo xiisahaas iyo qadarintaas dadka kale isagoo u maraya boggiisa soo jiidashada leh.